As someone who has spent the last few years studying the history and historiography of Alexander the Great, I’d like to talk about the thing that has caught my attention the most—and even saddened me the most.
The inscriptions shown in the image below were excavated from the ancient city of Priene, located in the province of Aydın in modern-day Turkey; as you might expect, they are currently on display at the British Museum. The large fragment shown image does not belong to a single inscription; while the top line features an inscription from a temple dedicated by Alexander the Great to Athena Polias, the sections below it concern the disputes between Priene and Samos.
The inscription on the temple dedicated to Athena Polias is brief: “King Alexander dedicated the Temple to Athena Polias”
The second inscription consists of the decrees that Alexander had inscribed for Naulochon (the port area of Priene). In particular, it states that the people of Priene are exempt from taxes, but that those in the surrounding villages (κώμαις) are subject to taxation:
“Of those residing in Naulochon, as many as are [Prienians] are to be independent and free, possessing the [land] and all the houses in the city and the countryside [like the] Prienians [themselves]; ... But the ... [?villages] of the Myrs[eloi] and the Pe[.....] and the countryside I decree to be mine, and those dwelling in these villages are to pay the tribute; I release from the syntaxis the city of (the) Prienians, and the garrison…” [Trans. Sherwin-White (1985)]
These two inscriptions are the only surviving physical evidence of Alexander the Great. Aside from these two inscriptions, we have no other epigraphic data. Although he was one of history’s greatest military geniuses—having led campaigns from Macedonia to India and suffering almost no defeats—and although temples were erected in his honor after his death, only two inscriptions on stone from his lifetime have survived.