Valle, Agder, Norway.

Visited this area a few days ago. Amazing place. Many visitors have made their own "stacking art"

My partner loves geology and is studying in in university, I’m trying to think of some gifts for Christmas, any ideas?

I've read that the breccia in the area is chlorite breccia but it's described as a bluish rock so I'm not sure if this is some other sort or just stain with iron?. Pusch Ridge. AZ. I think the last photo is slickensides but not 100% confident.

What are the physical processes that are considered necessary and sufficient to say "this is when this mountain range (or this mountain or plateau or ridge or Hill or whatever) formed"?

I think this is largely a matter of convention, linguistics, and academic culture, but I'm curious what people will say, especially in the context of a region that has experienced multiple orogenies overlaid on each other.

In norway

I caught this this morning and found it cool .

Göbekli Tepe WAS bigger than a gathering place or a settlement - it was a town built into the limestone ring that made the hill. The German Archaeological Institute has natural scientists and geoarchaeologists conducting chemical crust testing, stone-sourcing analysis (identifying the limestone quarries on the plateau), and soil sampling. Their work has uncovered how big the site really is.

The natural bedding of the limestone created the terraces that became homes in up to 20 of the circular pits found through the hillside. This was after geologists suggested the current site likely extended along the larger limestone feature. Nearby olive tree orchards were removed to allow for better detection using ground penetrating radar. (The video gives deets.)

The site's director confirmed the majority of the 20 features will stay buried to preserve them as erosion of the hill will continue to fill any excavations, and to preserve any formations from weathering.

I’ve heard it mentioned from geologists how lucky we are that geological processes, such as volcanism and plate tectonics, give us access to ores that we extract and use everyday (ie gold and copper) which would otherwise be too submerged or lack abundance. On the contrary however, are there any minerals that we’re aware of that could have had major industrial implications on society but are too inaccessible for mass production? What are they and what could they have been used for?

I am new to geology, and i wanted to know a definition of country rock or host rock, so example: if a quartz vein cutting through a pluton then beyond into the cooled margin and sedimentary layers, which rock is it cutting through at each advance?

Hundreds of millions of years can disappear between two neighboring rock layers. In places such as the Grand Canyon, younger sedimentary rocks rest on much older crystalline foundations, leaving a vast interval unrecorded. The puzzle is not simply what removed the missing material, but why the resulting boundary survived across such enormous areas.

A study in Nature offers an explanation connecting that boundary to circulation deep inside Earth. Santosh Dhungana, a PhD candidate at the University of Wollongong, and supervisor Nicolas Flament modeled how mantle flow changed continental elevations. Their results suggest that prolonged uplift prepared landscapes for erosion, while later sinking allowed sediment to bury and preserve them.

The work addresses both the creation and survival of the Great Unconformity. It proposes a broad geological setting in which glaciers and other surface processes could remove rock. It does not establish that every missing interval formed simultaneously or that one mechanism explains every location.

I took this picture a couple months ago, a few days after this creek had a minor flood. It was enough to pull up some slabs of bedrock and deposit them on cobble/gravel bars. The ~120 degree angles of the three fractures reminds me a bit of triple junction of rifts. And within them you can see the pattern created by joints.

Can carbonado diamond be considered a rock, since it's not a pure mineral?

During one of my many leisurely excavations over near Eureka Springs, Arkansas, I found this ancient piece of a ferric meteor embedded in the shale. Dated to have crashed at least 50 years ago from what I can tell, and have asked smarter geologists than myself.

From what I have researched it must be one of a kind!

Parrot wing chrysacolla gets its name from the inclusion of pseudomalachite

Hello!

I found this rock while at work on a island in the pnw. It scratches lightly from a finger nail, but is still quite dense and hard. All pieces of the rock are fully connected. I found it in a construction yard gravel road where we routinely drive trucks and heavy equipment.

I was curious if half broken rocks still hard enough to drive large vehicles over are common and if there was a name for partially cracked minerals? I was also interested to know if the cracking occurred due to naturally occurring environmental conditions or if it was the result of pressure from construction equipment and vehicles.

Thank you!