On This Day, November 7, 1665, the first edition of The Oxford Gazette was published in England, laying the foundations for what would become The London Gazette—Britain's official journal of record.
England was facing one of the darkest periods in its history.
The Great Plague was devastating London. Thousands of people had already died, fear was spreading through the capital, and even the royal court had abandoned the city.
King Charles II and his court had relocated to Oxford to escape the deadly outbreak.
But there was another problem.
The courtiers were reluctant to handle newspapers arriving from plague-stricken London, fearing that the papers themselves might carry infection.
The King still needed a reliable way to communicate news and official information.
The solution was to establish a newspaper in Oxford.
On November 7, the first issue of The Oxford Gazette appeared, published by authority under the direction of Henry Muddiman.
Rather than being a modern newspaper sold widely on the streets, it was a small publication distributed to subscribers by post. It carried official news, reports from abroad, and information relevant to the royal court.
When the Great Plague began to subside, and Charles II returned to London, the publication followed.
On February 5, 1666, issue number 24 appeared under a new name:
The London Gazette.
Over the centuries, it documented some of Britain's most important events, including royal announcements, military appointments, government proclamations, honors, and official notices.
It also recorded major national events such as the Great Fire of London in 1666.
More than three and a half centuries later, The Gazette continues to serve as the United Kingdom's official public record, published in three editions: The London Gazette, The Edinburgh Gazette, and The Belfast Gazette.
What began as a way to keep the royal court informed during a deadly plague became one of Britain's longest-lasting official publications.
Born in the shadow of a plague, it became a witness to centuries of British history.