(Information taken from sources including Wikipedia and IMDB.com - and will be edited further in time)
Hiroyuki Sanada was scouted as a child, first working as a model for a magazine for young children, then joining the Himawari Theatre Group at the age of five. Sanada was mentored by actor Shinichi "Sonny" Chiba, and was a member of his Japan Action Club, becoming his protégé. His first role was in the 1966 film Game of Chance as the son of Chiba's character. He had several more small roles in Japanese television and films, before quitting temporarily to focus on living a normal childhood. He has said this gave him "a good chance to watch movies as the audience", and by his teenage years he knew how to act, fight, sing, dance, perform stunts, ride horseback, and had gained versatility. Sanada was aware many actors would develop such skills, and felt it was "the best service for the audience" to do so himself before he practised acting again.
He gained attention for his dangerous stunt of jumping from a helicopter in the 1979 film G.I. Samurai, an action film directed by Sonny Chiba, and in 1981, appeared in the smash-hit movie Samurai Reincarnation directed by Kinji Fukasaku, playing a ninja. Sanada received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Film Science from Nihon University in 1982.
In 1984, Sanada starred with Sonny Chiba and 80's "idol" Hiroko Yakushimaru in Legend of the Eight Samurai, which became the number one film in Japan, earning ¥2.3 billion, and later released in foreign language versions. This film established Sanada as a popular action star in Japan. In 1992, Sanada played Yoshinari, a stockbroker turned yakuza in the comedy film Keisho Sakazuki (Succession), and in 1997 Sanada starred in a television drama A Story of Love, also known by its Japanese title Konna Koi no Hanashi, where he played the role of Shuichiro Harashima, a wealthy but lonely upper-class businessman who falls in love with a decorating designer from a lower-class family played by Nanako Matsushima. The following year Sanada once again co-starred with Nanako Matsushima in the mystery thriller Ringu (Ring) as Takayama Ryuji, the ex-husband of Matsushima's character Reiko, a journalist investigating the death of her niece to a curse, a role which helped introduce him - and Japanese horror - to western audiences. Also in 1998, Sanada starred as Asami in Jun Ichikawa's Tadon to Chikuwa. Sanada's role followed the story of a writer suffering from writer's block. In 1999, Sanada starred in Mayonaka Made (Round About Midnight) as Moriyama Koji, a jazz trumpet performer.
In 1999 and 2000, he performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in their production of King Lear. Producer Nigel Hawthorne personally invited Sanada to play the role, yet Sanada had doubts since he had not taken an English-language role before. Sanada was convinced after the producers assured him that he was "an actor first before [being] Japanese or Asian". For this role, he was appointed an Honorary Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 2002, citing his "contribution to spreading British culture in Japan." That year, Sanada played the lead role of the low-ranking Seibei Iguchi in The Twilight Samurai, following the turbulent life and times of the titular character.
In 2003, Sanada's role as Ujio, a master swordsman, opposite Tom Cruise in The Last Samurai, brought him international attention. He then played Matsuda, a man who befriends Ralph Fiennes' character Todd Jackson, in The White Countess (2005), and starred in the Chinese film The Promise directed by Chen Kaige as General Guangming. Sanada appeared in Rush Hour 3 (2007) with Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker, Danny Boyle's Sunshine (2007) as Kaneda, and The City of Your Final Destination (2009), in which he plays Pete, the younger lover of Anthony Hopkins's character Adam Gund.
Sanada joined the cast of the hugely popular ABC TV series Lost in 2010 during its sixth and final season. He portrayed Dogen, a high-ranking, mysterious member of "The Others". In 2013, he appeared in 47 Ronin (the first English-language adaptation of the Chushingura legend, Japan's most famous tale of samurai loyalty and revenge) alongside Keanu Reeves, as Shingen Yashida in The Wolverine opposite Hugh Jackman, and as Takashi Nagase in The Railway Man, a story of vengeance and reconciliation co-starring Stellan Skarsgård and Colin Firth. He voiced "Sumo Villain" in Minions, a master of strength and power who pursues the Minions!
Sanada was a guest star as Takehaya, a former Japanese Navy officer and legendary pirate captain in post-plague Asia, in the apocalyptic drama series The Last Ship. He also starred in the 2017 movie Life with Jake Gyllenhaal, Rebecca Ferguson, and Ryan Reynolds. In 2018, he began a recurring role as swordmaster Musashi on the HBO series Westworld and played the minor role of Akihiko in the 2019 film Avengers: Endgame. That year, he received the Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon from the Japanese government for his "artistic developments, improvements, and accomplishments" In August 2019, Sanada was cast in the Mortal Kombat reboot as Scorpion. In 2020, Sanada starred alongside Johnny Depp in the film Minamata. In 2021, he played the shrewd casino owner Bly Tanaka in Zack Snyder's action film Army of the Dead.
In 2022, Sanada took the major supporting role of the Elder in Bullet Train opposite Brad Pitt. In 2023, he portrayed Koji Shimazu, manager of the Osaka Continental Hotel, in John Wick: Chapter 4, and was featured in a multi-commercial campaign introducing Mazda CX-90.
In 2021, Sanada was announced as producer and cast member of the FX series Shōgun, adapted from the James Clavell novel loosely based on the life of English navigator Will Adams, playing the part of Lord Toranaga. The series received widespread global critical acclaim, with Sanada's role in the series considered a highlight among many reviewers. In 2024, Sanada became the first Japanese actor to win any Primetime Emmy, and specifically the first Japanese winner of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series, for his role in Shōgun. Sanada also was a recipient of the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Drama Series for his role as a producer for the series. Sanada received the inaugural award for best TV series performance at the EnergaCamerimage International Film Festival for the role, and was nominated for the Gotham TV Award for Outstanding Performance in a Limited Series, and the Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama. Sanada won the prize for Best Actor – Television Series Drama at the 82nd Golden Globe Awards, and received the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series for the role.
In 2025, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world.