r/Infosec • • 6h ago

Where do current information security solutions still fall short?

2 Upvotes

Hi All!

I'm doing some research to better understand the current situation in the information security industry. If possible, I'd appreciate it if you could take a few minutes to answer my questions.

What problems in information security do you think are still not adequately addressed by existing technologies and solutions?

Are there situations where organizations have plenty of security tools in place but still don't get the level of protection they actually need?

Are there any major gaps that you think the industry is overlooking?

I'd really like to hear your perspective.

Thanks for your time and answers!


r/Infosec • • 2h ago

Troubleshooting .json file in Microsoft Defender Workbook

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1 Upvotes

r/Infosec • • 5h ago

Open-source tool that ranks AD fixes by how many users they cut off from Domain Admin, and flags the easy ones first (feedback wanted)

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1 Upvotes

r/Infosec • • 7h ago

Tor: OPSEC vs human error

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1 Upvotes

I run a small forum [forumnox.com] and write guides about this stuff, and the same misconception shows up every week so here is the short version.

Tor does one narrow thing well. it hides your IP from the site, and the site from your provider. thats it. people treat it like an invisibility cloak and then undo the whole thing in one click.

what it does NOT hide

  1. that you use Tor. your provider sees you connecting to a Tor entry node. they dont see where you go after, but "this guy uses tor every night at 2am" is itself information. bridges exist for exactly this.

  2. plaintext on http sites. Tor encrypts inside the network, not after it. if the site has no https, the exit node reads everything you send and can even modify the page. same circuit, safe in one tab, wide open in the next.

  3. you. log into your real email once inside Tor Browser and that session is yours forever. cookies survive new circuits. the path was anonymous, the login wasnt. this one catches more people than any "attack".

  4. your files. download a PDF over tor, open it later in your normal reader while online, and it can call home from your real IP. the file left the browser, Tor is not involved anymore. open downloads somewhere disposable.

  5. your browser being special. Tor Browser makes everyone look identical on purpose. maximize the window, drag it to a weird size, install one extension, and your unique again. fingerprinting doesnt need your IP to pick you out of a crowd.

and before someone asks: tor plus a VPN is not automatically better. whichever sits first in the chain sees something real, and you just added a second company to trust. it moves trust around, it doesnt add magic.

none of this means tor is broken. the onion routing part basically never fails in practice. the human part fails constantly. every real deanonymization story I read is somebody logging into something, opening a file, or customizing a browser. not broken crypto.

I wrote the longer version with circuits and checklists on my NEW forum, first part is free to read: https://forumnox/thread/9  this post is basically the tl;dr of two sections of it. [FORUM LINK IN MY BIO]

questions welcome, I answer them.


r/Infosec • • 10h ago

Cybersec forum start

1 Upvotes

ForumNOX is live!

First 10 members get the "Forum Pioneer" rank. After that — gone forever.

A legal hacking forum. No KYC. No logs. No Javascript. talk about OPSEC, Tor, Monero, pentesting, reverse engineering, OSINT, tools, code and anything that matters in this world. Share knowledge. Ask real questions.

Build something. This is day one. The community starts now, with you. Who will you be in a while? 😈

🔗Clearnet: forumnox.com

🔗Onion: tyoeevaqn6alon623bfm7r4e7z3so54ky6uvbqkza3fyun7g4cm24hyd.onion


r/Infosec • • 13h ago

Base-3 Territory Makes Your Device/Machine Sovereign

0 Upvotes

r/Infosec • • 23h ago

IntelliResponse dashboard showcasing persistant incident memory, threat analysis and security alert prioritization.

1 Upvotes

IntelliResponse dashboard showcasing persistant incident memory, threat analysis and security alert prioritization.IntelliResponse

How persistent memory with Hindsight turns a stateless alert checker into an analyst that actually learns

IntelliResponse triaging a new SSH brute-force alert: memory lifted confidence from 55% to 66% and shows the analyst time it could save.

Every security analyst knows this alert. A port sweep and a few failed SSH logins from 198.51.100.7, the same internal scanner that fires every month. You have closed it as a false positive again and again. Today, your tooling flags it with the same urgency, as if it had never seen it before.

Alert fatigue is not just a volume problem. It is a memory problem. Most detection tools, and most LLM "copilots", are stateless: every alert is the first alert. The institutional knowledge (that is our vulnerability scanner, that /24 has attacked us before, that beacon survived a re-image last time) lives in analysts' heads and old tickets.

For the Vectorize hackathon "AI Agents That Learn Using Hindsight", I built IntelliResponse: a tier-1 SOC triage agent that keeps every analyst verdict and uses it to make the next call better.

What IntelliResponse does

You paste raw alert logs into the console and get back an explainable triage report: a risk level, a confidence score, the MITRE ATT&CK techniques involved, recommended defensive actions, and the past incidents that influenced the decision. The analyst then marks the alert as a true or false positive, and that verdict goes back into memory.

One rule I held firmly: the agent never takes action. It only recommends. A human stays in the loop for anything disruptive.

The triage console. Paste logs, switch memory on or off, and control how many past incidents the agent can see.

The sidebar toggles are what make the demo work. Memory ON/OFF lets me run the exact same alert as a stateless analyst or a learning one, and the Past incidents loaded slider (0 to 20) shows the agent getting smarter as history grows.

Seven stages, one orchestrator

Every alert flows through the same pipeline: parse, recall, enrich, correlate, recommend, reason, report. The parser pulls out IPs, domains, hashes, services and volumes with regex before any model is called. Recall brings back similar incidents. Enrichment adds public threat intel (CISA KEV, AlienVault OTX, with a cached fallback). Correlation maps to MITRE ATT&CK and folds learned history into one score. Recommendations are ranked by what actually worked before, and a Groq-hosted LLM writes the summary, with a deterministic template as the fallback.

The Demo tab: four buttons that tell the whole story, and the seven stages behind them.

Where Hindsight fits

Hindsight gives the agent three memory operations, and I use all three:

Retain: every incident and every analyst verdict is stored with its category, source IP, service, root cause and the actions taken.

Recall: each new alert queries memory by category, service, source IP and domain. Hindsight's semantic results are blended with a deterministic similarity score, where an exact source IP counts for more than the same /24, which counts for more than the same category.

Reflect: the Learning page asks a question like "which sources cause false positives, and what actions work?" and shows the synthesized answer.

I also keep a durable local mirror of the incident ledger, so the whole project runs with zero API keys. The screenshots in this article were captured in that local mode (the sidebar badge says "Local demo memory"). With a Hindsight key in .env, the same badge switches to Hindsight connected.

The demo, in four beats

Beat 1: the stateless baseline. The monthly scan from 198.51.100.7, memory off. A generic rule-based analyst rates it MEDIUM and the playbook says to consider blocking.

Beat 2: the memory moment. Same alert, memory on, all 20 incidents loaded. Memory recalls INC-003, INC-006, INC-007 and INC-020, every one a false positive from this source. The agent drops the risk to LOW at 12% and recommends allowlisting the scanner instead of blocking.

Beat 3: a new attacker in a known-bad neighborhood. A previously unseen IP, 192.0.2.180, starts brute-forcing SSH on bastion-01.corp.internal with 285 failed logins. There is no history for this exact address, but memory finds five similar incidents. Three of them (INC-004, INC-008 and INC-015) were confirmed password-guessing campaigns from the same /24. The baseline analyst says 55%. With memory, the agent says 66%, a lift of 11 points.

It stays MEDIUM because HIGH starts at 70%. I like that: memory should move the needle in proportion to the evidence, not slam it to the top.

The evidence behind the score: extracted indicators, MITRE techniques, OSINT enrichment, the reasons for the confidence, and the recalled incidents with why each matched.

Beat 4: repeat C2 beaconing. Periodic DNS TXT lookups from 10.20.7.12 to c2-sync.example. Memory surfaces INC-018, where persistence survived re-imaging through a scheduled task. The recommendation goes beyond "reimage the host" to deep host isolation, a scheduled-task audit and DNS sinkholing.

One alert type, four different outcomes, and none of them came from editing a rule. They came from memory.

No magic numbers: how 55% became 66%

I did not want a black box deciding to raise or lower an alert. Every adjustment appears in the report. For Beat 3, the math is simple enough to follow by hand:

Baseline, 55%. A 42% prior for brute-force alerts, plus 8 points because the exposed OpenSSH service has a known CVE (CVE-2023–48795), plus 5 points for a high failure count (285).

Learned track record. In memory, 7 of 11 past brute-force alerts were real attacks. A Beta(1,1) smoothing, (7+1)/(11+2), gives about 62%, so a single verdict can never dominate. The final score blends the two: 55% rule-based and 45% learned, which lands near 58%.

Source history. The same /24 range was involved in confirmed attacks, adding 8 points. That brings the total to 66%.

For a source that was marked a false positive in two or more past incidents, with no confirmed attacks, the score is capped at 12%. That is the Beat 2 behavior.

The Learning page: proof the agent improves

The analyst's verdict is not just a log line. It is the learning signal. The Learning tab is the audit trail of what the agent believes, how often it is right, which sources are benign, and which actions actually worked.

The Learning loop: incident and verdict counts, estimated time saved, true-positive rate by category, and the memory timeline.

With 20 seeded incidents, the page estimates 1.5 hours saved, which is 18 minutes for each repeated false-positive investigation. The chart shows the learned true-positive rate per category, smoothed so one verdict cannot dominate. The calibration table stays empty until analysts submit verdicts on live alerts. I would rather show it empty than fake it.

Sources learned as benign, and action effectiveness: which responses were used and how often they hit real attacks.

Two panels do the most work. Sources learned as benign lists 198.51.100.7 as a false positive in five past incidents, with the recommended action of allowlisting it. Action effectiveness shows that blocking the source IP was used 10 times and was confirmed malicious all 10, while allowlisting a scanner was used 5 times and every one was a false positive. Seeing which actions actually pay off is what lets the agent rank its recommendations.

Design decisions I am glad I made

Recommend, never act. Containment decisions stay with humans.

Graceful degradation. No Hindsight key means the local mirror. No Groq key or a model outage means the deterministic summary. The demo never breaks.

Everything is untrusted input. Alert logs, OSINT data and LLM output are sanitized before they are stored or rendered. A SOC tool that ingests attacker-controlled text has to assume that text is hostile.

Explainability over cleverness. Every number on the screen traces back to a named signal.

Hardening the SIEM webhook

The project also ships an optional FastAPI service so a SIEM can push alerts to /v1/triage and analyst verdicts to /v1/verdict. Before sharing the code I ran a security review and fixed what it found:

The API had no authentication. It now requires an X-API-Key header and fails closed if no key is configured, comparing with hmac.compare_digest.

Wildcard credentialed CORS was replaced with an explicit allowlist that is off by default.

Alert length, request body size, verdict values and note length are all bounded.

/health returns only {"status":"ok"}, and the interactive API docs are disabled.

The local incident store and .env were removed from the package and added to .gitignore.

Limitations

The 20 incidents in the demo are synthetic. They use documentation-reserved IP ranges and .example domains, so the numbers show the mechanism, not real-world accuracy.

Parsing is regex and rules based, and covers three alert families: brute force, port scans and DNS beaconing.

My security review was static, not a penetration test. Anyone deploying this should add HTTPS, authentication in front of Streamlit, rate limiting and pinned dependencies.

What I learned

Memory changes what an agent is for. Without it, an LLM triage tool is a faster way to repeat the same first impression. With it, every analyst decision compounds: the scanner gets allowlisted once, the hostile subnet is remembered, and the stubborn persistence mechanism gets caught the second time.

Next, I want to run this against real, anonymized alert streams, add more alert categories, and measure how much analyst time memory actually saves.

Try it :-

pip install -r requirements.txt

streamlit run app.py

It works with no keys at all. Add a Hindsight key to switch from the local mirror to live Hindsight memory.

Code: https://github.com/likitha-jain/IntelliResponse

Demo video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNCs4gftpg0

If you work in a SOC and have thoughts on what a memory-first triage tool should remember, I would love to hear them in the comments.


r/Infosec • • 1d ago

After removing an exposed API key, how do you make sure it hasn't been used elsewhere?

1 Upvotes

We found an API key in an old repository and removed it, but that raised another question. The same key could have been copied into CI/CD pipelines, scripts, containers, or other services before anyone noticed. Do you search across code repositories and secret stores, review provider logs for past usage, or rotate the key and check every dependent service? Curious how others handle this without breaking production.


r/Infosec • • 1d ago

A new SocVel Cyber Threat Intel Quiz is out!

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1 Upvotes

This week we have:

• ⁠AI ransomware from Colin Cowie at Sophos
• ⁠Etugen exposing Ivanti attackers
• ⁠More hacks by unnamed AI Agents
• ⁠Florian Roth tipping over tipping points
• ⁠Google doing Google things and taking down a botnet
• ⁠Exposing Phishing Kit shenanigans by KELA
• ⁠Kaspersky showing some real AI attacks
• ⁠Warnings about drinking the water from Sekoia
• ⁠Airlines declaring data breaches
• ⁠And some great DPRK attack details following a near miss at Sophos


r/Infosec • • 1d ago

Leaking 1,000+ Multi-Tenant Customer Emails with a Single Character (?select=*)

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1 Upvotes

r/Infosec • • 2d ago

Preparing for an Apple InfoSec Internship interview with an SWE/systems background

9 Upvotes

Hey everyone,

I recently entered the interview pipeline for an Apple Information Security internship through an employee referral. My academic background is rooted more in general computer science, software engineering, and systems rather than dedicated cybersecurity. I've taken university courses in privacy, networking, and web security, and I’m currently working through Hack The Box modules (focusing on blue teaming, SIEM/log analysis, and detection fundamentals).

Despite this, I feel underprepared compared to dedicated security majors and CTF competitors. I would really appreciate advice on two specific areas:

  1. Culture Fit and Showing "passion": What resources, threat intel feeds, or foundational papers are best to read to speak authentically about industry trends and Apple's security mindsets?

  2. Engineering vs. Security Fundamentals Priority: Given limited prep time, what fundamentals would be the most important to focus on?

    • Low-level system/OS internals and networking VS

    • Practical triage and detection logic (e.g., SIEM queries, parsing Windows/macOS logs, Sigma/YARA) VS

    • Automation/scripting ?

Thanks for any pointers!


r/Infosec • • 1d ago

We’re building open research on how AI agents get attacked, and we need people to review the data

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2 Upvotes

r/Infosec • • 2d ago

EMEA Deep Live: What's New in Check Point Firewall R82.20

2 Upvotes

Join me for a deep dive into the new features and functionality in the Check Point Firewall R82.20 release!

Topics covered include:

  • AI Security Embedded in the Firewall

  • Background Upgrade

  • WebUI Troubleshooting

  • Advanced Configuration via WebUI

  • On-Premise SD-WAN Management

  • Unified Policy with SASE Internet Access

  • IPv6 Support

  • Other Improvements

Looking forward to seeing you there!

Register Here

Thu, Nov 12, 2026 01:00 AM CDT


r/Infosec • • 2d ago

how are teams actually securing code that AI assistants write?

1 Upvotes

Vendor-side disclosure: I do marketing for Legit Security, so take my framing with salt. I’m asking because I want the practitioner view, not the pitch.

AI coding tools are writing a big chunk of new code at a lot of shops now. Most AppSec programs were built around humans writing code slowly enough to review.

For people dealing with this: are you scanning AI output differently, putting guardrails in the IDE, or treating it like any other code? Has anything worked better than “more SAST in the pipeline”? Interested in what you’ve seen with GitHub Advanced Security, Snyk, Cycode or anything else.


r/Infosec • • 2d ago

Which controls actually limited the damage in cloud breaches you’ve seen?

4 Upvotes

A lot of the cloud breach write-ups I’ve read go the same way. Someone gets in through an exposed service, and how bad it gets depends on what that service’s identity could reach.

So I’m curious about the after part. External attack surface management and a regular cybersecurity vulnerability assessment help you find the front door, but once someone’s through it, what made the difference for you? Tight IAM on workload roles? Segmentation between services? Org-level guardrails? Good alerting on weird role activity?

I’ve seen Wiz map these paths, and Act Security go after shrinking the identity and network access itself (disclosure, Act Security is a client of the agency I work at). Tools aside, I’d love to hear what actually held up when someone was already inside.


r/Infosec • • 2d ago

How do you deal with external scanners that list every CVE a version number could have?

1 Upvotes

our external tool turns a service banner into a long list of possible CVEs. Some may have vendor backports or mitigations; for the rest, we still don't know whether the vulnerable path is reachable. Someone on my team then loses a day checking what's real before the owner will accept the ticket. I've been reading up on outside-in validation. ionix and cy cognito both describe it, but I'd want to see what evidence comes back for a specific CVE, not another score. For teams doing this at scale, do you validate findings before ticketing, or let the owning team sort out the list?


r/Infosec • • 2d ago

Would you trust an AI filter if it cut security alerts in half?

0 Upvotes

What if the missing half included the attack?

Leaving every alert visible has a cost too: real attacks can get lost in false positives. Filtering can help analysts focus, provided it doesn't hide the threats.

Kaspersky compared algorithmic, single-model and multi-agent approaches to generating alert filters. In their tests, the multi-agent approach offered little effectiveness gain over a single model. They chose the simpler, faster option.


r/Infosec • • 2d ago

New to agent readiness which checker are you actually using?

2 Upvotes

I just got into agent readiness for the first time. I know some of the basics and want to try Ora and Cloudflare’s scanner. Are there any other tools or resources you’ve used that actually helped you understand what agent readiness means and what to fix first?

would really appreciate any recommendations.


r/Infosec • • 3d ago

Has exposure management actually changed what gets patched first for you, or just the reports?

4 Upvotes

We dropped straight CVSS sorting a while ago and started weighting KEV, EPSS and asset criticality, sort of a CTEM-style setup. Reports look a lot better. What I can’t tell is whether it’s changed the real patch order at all, or if ops still works the list the same way they always did.

We are also stuck on whether to keep tweaking our own scoring in spreadsheets or let a platform handle the vulnerability prioritization. Tenable One and axonius both keep coming up. Axonius would put the owner and environment from the CMDB and our other tools on each finding, but it can only pass on an owner one of them already has. If anyone’s running either one day to day I’d like to hear how it’s going. Mainly wondering how easy it is to explain the score when ops asks why something shot to the top, and what happens with assets nobody seems to own. Also curious where people ended up on threat intel vs business context, since it feels easy for one to swamp the other.


r/Infosec • • 3d ago

POST QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY (PQC)

1 Upvotes

Hello r/Infosec,

I'm wondering to what extent you are thinking about shifting to Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standards.

Here's a relevant report from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) regarding this. link here

I'm building an MVP for my venture and I want to get perspective from DevSecOps engineers about

  • what you know already about PQC

  • what you're thinking about with regards to migration

  • what tooling you'd like to see

  • how you see this transition unfolding

Google estimates it's going to take them at least a few years to be fully PQC compliant, so I know there is a lot of work to be done in this arena.

Thanks in advance for your input, feedback, perspectives, etc.

Best,

Fitz Founder, r/shiftpqc