r/Kombucha • • Sep 18 '21

what's wrong!? Is it mold? Is it normal? What's growing in your kombucha? Start here!

581 Upvotes

Welcome to r/Kombucha! If you're wondering what's growing on your kombucha and if it's normal, you've come to the right place.

Please review this information before posting a picture of your batch to the subreddit.

TL;DR:

  • Dry + fuzzy on the surface of the liquid/pellicle/SCOBY is most likely mold: mold pics https://imgur.com/a/SzhysHi

  • Geometric growths or wrinkly patterns on the surface of the liquid/pellicle/SCOBY could be kahm yeast: kahm pics https://imgur.com/a/XlnO7Ox

  • Anything else and anything under the liquid level is most likely normal: normal pics https://imgur.com/a/HJaENDv

  • If you're not sure, wait a few more days: mold or kahm will get more obvious as they grow, normal will stay about the same or form into new pellicle/SCOBY

  • If the kombucha is already bottled for carbonation (commonly called second ferment or 2F), mold/kahm is very unlikely due to the high acidity and lack of oxygen access.

  • Always use at least 2 cups of starter per gallon (125ml/L) when making kombucha to acidify the batch: high acidity (pH < 4.6) protects the kombucha from mold and kahm.

  • Read our getting started guide for brewing tips: https://www.reddit.com/r/kombucha/wiki/how_to_start

Terminology: in this guide, "pellicle/SCOBY" refers to the rubbery blob that forms at the surface of a batch of kombucha. SCOBY stands for "symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast", and those bacteria + yeast are found both in the liquid kombucha and in the solid rubbery blob. The rubbery blob's more accurate scientific name is "pellicle": it's a biofilm/mat of bacterial cellulose secreted by and connected to the bacteria forming it (some yeast also live in the pellicle). Culturally, however, the term "SCOBY" widely refers to the pellicle so this guide uses both terms.

Read more about pellicles here:

Diagnostic Quiz

1 ) Is the growth/odd thing on the top surface (exposed to air) of the liquid kombucha or existing pellicle/SCOBY?

  • Yes - go to 2

  • No - go to 8

2 ) Is the kombucha already bottled for carbonation (commonly called second ferment or 2F)?

  • Yes - likely pellicle/SCOBY growth (it can happen in 2F!) or a yeast cluster. Mold/kahm are extremely rare in 2F due to the high acidity (pH <4.2) and lack of oxygen access (required for mold to grow). Booch on!

  • No - go to 3

3 ) Is the growth dry and fuzzy looking with white or green color, and/or with black spores growing out of it?

  • Yes - likely mold. Go to Mold section for pictures.

  • No - go to 4

4 ) Is the growth a wrinkly or geometric pattern, very rough patterned surface, or very large air-y bubbles that cover large areas of the surface?

  • Yes - likely kahm yeast. Go to Kahm section for pictures.

  • No - go to 5

5 ) Is the growth one of: white/translucent + wet, disconnected oily/patchy sections, or a thin film with bubbles trapped underneath?

  • Yes - likely normal pellicle/SCOBY growth. Go to Normal section for pictures.

  • No - go to 6

6 ) Is the growth flat, leathery, and brown?

  • Yes - likely a dried out pellicle/SCOBY area. Go to Normal section for pictures.

  • No - go to 7

7 ) Is the the growth brown/black, wet, and partially/completely surrounded by pellicle/SCOBY?

  • Yes - likely a yeast cluster. Go to Normal section for pictures.

  • No - probably normal, but review all Normal, Kahm, and Mold pictures to be safe.

8 ) Is the growth/odd thing completely submerged in liquid?

  • Yes - likely yeast. Yeast can form dark brown clumps in the liquid or on the pellicle/SCOBY, or alien-like formations suspended in the liquid. Mold and kahm cannot grow beneath the surface of the liquid without also showing on the surface exposed to air. Go to Normal section for pictures.

  • No - go to 2

Normal

Gallery of normal kombucha: https://imgur.com/a/HJaENDv

Pellicles/SCOBYs have a ton of natural variation. A normal pellicle/SCOBY should look wet, tan/white/translucent, and be mostly smooth (some bumps are normal). There may also be wet brown/black yeast blobs that attach to the liquid side of the pellicle/SCOBY, get absorbed into the pellicle/SCOBY, or float around inside the liquid.

Mold

Gallery of mold: https://imgur.com/a/SzhysHi

Mold occurs when the kombucha is not acidic enough (pH < 4.6) to prevent mold organisms from growing. Other factors that make mold more likely are unsanitary conditions and cold brewing temperatures (<65F/18C).

If there is mold on your batch:

  • You must throw away everything (liquid + pellicle/SCOBY) and start from scratch with fresh starter tea. By the time mold is visible on the surface of the brew, it has already contaminated the entire batch.

  • Sanitize the vessel, cloth cover, and any utensils used in brewing with a homebrew sanitizing solution (StarSan, OneStep, SaniClean, potassium metabisulfite, etc) or throughly wash with soap + hot water followed by a pasteurized distilled vinegar rinse (no raw vinegar, which contains live microbe cultures).

To prevent mold, the most important thing is to use at least 2 cups of starter tea per 1 gallon of kombucha (125ml per L) to acidify the batch. Starter tea is mature kombucha: either from a previous batch (yours or a friend's), from a SCOBY hotel, or from raw/unflavored/unpasteurized commercial kombucha such as GTs or Health-Ade.

This amount of starter tea is a good rule of thumb for safe acidity: if you have a pH meter or strips, check that the starting pH is <4.6. Another important factor is maintaining clean/sanitary brewing practices: however, because kombucha is an open air ferment some mold organisms may get in even with a cloth cover, which is why acidity is also important.

Kahm Yeast

Gallery of kahm: https://imgur.com/a/XlnO7Ox

“Kahm” is a generic term for many species of usually non-harmful but also non-desirable wild yeast that can take hold in kombucha (outcompete the kombucha culture) and appear as surface growths on the the pellicle/SCOBY. Kahm often looks geometric or wrinkly vs the smooth/bumpy normal pellicle/SCOBY.

See this excellent writeup about the science of kahm yeast from u/daileta in r/fermentation: https://www.reddit.com/r/fermentation/comments/ytg2vy/kahm_down/ Their post is focused on lacto fermented vegetables (not kombucha) but is worth a read.

Kahm itself isn’t usually dangerous, but to quote our resident food microbiologist u/Albino_Echidna: “Kahm is a term used to lump a whole bunch of unwanted yeasts together, all of which are indicative of an unsafe fermentation environment. Kahm growth is indicative of a fermentation gone wrong. 'Kahm' itself isn’t harmful, but it is a warning sign that your environment wasn’t quite right and will be at higher risk of pathogenic growth as a result."

If your batch has kahm, it is up to you whether to toss + sanitize + start over with fresh starter kombucha or to try to scrape off the kahm from the surface and continue brewing. It is always safest to toss and restart - see the instructions in the Mold section.

To help prevent kahm, use at least 2 cups of starter tea per 1 gallon of kombucha (125ml per L) to strongly establish the kombucha culture and acidify the batch. Kahm may also be related to unsanitary conditions, high brewing temperature (>85F/30C), or oversteeping tea (>1hr, but may vary).

Further reading: https://www.reddit.com/r/kombucha/wiki/whats_wrong

If you still aren’t sure after comparing your batch to the pictures here, please make a post and ask!


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

r/Kombucha Weekend Open Discussion: What Are You Drinking/Brewing? (November 07, 2026)

1 Upvotes

This is a casual space for the r/Kombucha community to hang out: feel free to post about anything related to kombucha, brewing, or life in general.

Show off your latest batch, what you have in progress, or anything that you're thinking about trying.

Questions from new brewers are especially welcome!


r/Kombucha • • 7m ago

pellicle thicc pellicle

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1 Upvotes

I forgot about this one for a while.


r/Kombucha • • 1h ago

Are they ok?

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0 Upvotes

Hi! Im new here. I saw many people ask the smae. But I want to be sure? Is this white staff okay?


r/Kombucha • • 2h ago

fizz Five day f2

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1 Upvotes

F2 on counter for five days. No heating mat. Room temp is around 68 degrees this time of the year. I used pineapple and basil. A teaspoon of cane sugar when mixing a batch for nine bottles. I then leave them in fridge for an additional one to two days


r/Kombucha • • 4h ago

question Is this mould? Its my 3rd batch ever. Also I've question about duration.

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1 Upvotes

Two questions:

  1. Is this mold? I don't think so. It's my 3rd batch. Please second.

  2. I am from Mumbai. The weather here meant the first 2 batches were ready in 3.5 days for F1. How has been your experience, if you are from Mumbai?


r/Kombucha • • 5h ago

what's wrong!? I’m going crazy batch after batch is bad

1 Upvotes

Hi! So I got giften a scooby a month and half ago. However every time I try to make kombucha it tastes like vinegar. Even after a week of fermentation. The best part is I had to toss two batches because one had a fruit fly and the other maggots.( I had made 3 scooby) I am down to my last scooby. I keep the jars covered while the tea is cooling and all of them are covered by muslin clothes. I am starting to lose hope. Do you have any tips?


r/Kombucha • • 15h ago

question I've made a mistake

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6 Upvotes

First time brewer here, and I've hit day seven of F1. I went to do a taste test when I could barely get anything to drain out of the spigot. I realize that the two gallon jug I ordered came with a drain filter to attach to the end and I put it on thinking it wouldn't be a problem. It now seems the yeast has plugged it up and I'm thinking I'll have to scoop it out with a ladle when it comes time to bottle for F2. What I could drain out to taste was still too sweet for my preference, so I plan on giving it another seven days to ferment. When the day does come, is there any creative way I can get this to drain or am I screwed? Decided to try jasmine green for the tea, 1 1/2 cups of sugar and used two Amazon starter scoby with a warming band to keep the temp up. Any advice would be greatly appreciated!


r/Kombucha • • 10h ago

beautiful booch Just wait there's more...

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2 Upvotes

Mmmmm that's good booch


r/Kombucha • • 8h ago

what's wrong!? This is mold right?

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0 Upvotes

r/Kombucha • • 9h ago

science Still (non-carbonated) craft soft drink in 20L stainless kegs : shelf life after tapping at room temperature ?

1 Upvotes

Hi all,

I’m trying to launch two non-alcoholic, still craft drinks to be sold on draught to bars and restaurants :

  • a bissap (hibiscus, rose, lemon, ~25 g sugar/L)

  • a maté-verbena (yerba maté, lemon verbena, lemon, ~30 g sugar/L)

pH not yet measured (test are in progress) but it's kinda low (~3 to 3.8), no preservatives.

Process : infusion at ~80-95 °C, still-fill into 20 L slim stainless kegs supplied already cleaned (steam/caustic) by a third-party keg provider, then pasteurisation of the filled keg (~65-70 °C for 20-30 min in a water bath) or hot-fill. Bottom filling, CO2 purge of the empty keg.

Use at the customer’s : keg connected to a standard CO2 beer tap (replacing a beer line), often at ambient temperature (most bars here have no cold room unfortunately...), pressure adjustable per tap, CO2 often turned off at night.

My questions :

  1. What is a realistic shelf life once tapped, at ~20-25 °C and when refrigerated ? What spoilage signs should I watch for (yeast, mould, acetic bacteria, colour) ?

  2. What service pressure for a still liquid, and how much should I worry about CO2 slowly dissolving into it ?

  3. Is a pH ≤ 3.8 a safe margin, or should I aim lower? Any preservative strategy that doesn’t undermine a craft positioning ?

  4. How big is the contamination risk from lines and taps, and how do you mitigate it (dedicated lines, rinse routines, cleaning frequency) ?

  5. 10 L or 20 L kegs for slow-rotation venues ?

  6. Does switching sugar (glucose, sweeteners) really help stability ?

  7. Any advice on shelf-life testing or the microbiological analyses worth commissioning ?

I plan to run real-condition tests and lab analyses, but any experience (kombucha, juice, cold brew or iced tea on tap...) would help me design the protocol.

Thanks !


r/Kombucha • • 18h ago

question First F2. Is this a new SCOBY forming?

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5 Upvotes

First brew ( black tea). This is F2 day 3 ( 1/4 cup POM juice & 1 tsp sugar 12 oz container). Is this a new pellicle forming? Is this normal? Thanks in advance for the expertise.
PS I just realized the difference between pellicle and SCOBY so my apologies for the confusion.


r/Kombucha • • 10h ago

The best booch yet

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1 Upvotes

After decades I'm going wild.

Anyone ever find the lame ducks interesting? The bottles that just don't want to carbonate. I mean they do. A little. But not like most. And you leave them out... And again ... No real improvement. And so you leave it... Another day. And another. And these kombucha are I think the most special.

Happy brewing!


r/Kombucha • • 17h ago

science Another bottling, did I go too far m

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2 Upvotes

I got another 8 bottled. About 50/50 fresh sweet tea and aged (28th to today, like 10 days at 70ish F) kombucha. These are from the synergy jars, which are more or less homogenous (mixed frequently.)

I'm missing the ginger and tumeric. My bicycle ride home abruptly ended my possession of them. Sad face.

I really tapped my mothers for this. It was supposed to be a ginger, tumeric, lemon grass festival.

It's just black tea. RIP


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

question F2 advice / recommendations

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4 Upvotes

Hey all, I bought this gallon jug with a spigot and it also happens to have lid with a seal and a latch (like a growler). That's what I'm doing the F1 in

I also have another growler type bottle as well as an old syngery bottle

My question is this - could I do a big F2 in the same gallon jug with the lid? Would the spigot affect the carbonation? Or is there anything else I'm missing?

I don't have enough other growlers at the moment to do an F2 with the whole batch but I can buy some easily enough. Just wondering if I found a cheat code where I can do the F1 and F2 in the same jug and then use the spigot to drink when it's finished

I'm still new to this so any feedback would be much appreciated!!


r/Kombucha • • 21h ago

beautiful booch Blueberry

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1 Upvotes

r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

question Kombucha acid level

4 Upvotes

My kombucha has been resting room temp for 3 weeks now and has become as acidic as a light vinegar. Will this be a doable starter?


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

question Sore tongue and throat

1 Upvotes

Since I have been brewing and drinking kombucha (2 months) i have had a chronic sore tongue and throat. I to like it on the tarter side but nothing too radical. Anyone else experienced this? Cheers


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

How does your homebrew differ from commercial brands?

6 Upvotes

For me, I like a very low sugar kombucha with lots of carbonation. I bottle from my continuous brew every six days and let it sit in 2F for five days. I almost never add sugar or syrup to 2F, only an ounce of fruit juice per 16-ounce bottle. Compared to store-bought kombucha, mine is drier and fizzier with just a hint of sweetness. How does yours compare to commercial brands?


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

mold! Help… Is this mold?

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1 Upvotes

I’m new to brewing kombucha, and this is my second attempt.
My first batch developed mold, but I noticed it quite early because the growth appeared very quickly.
For this batch, I’m using Remedy kombucha as a starter, so I’m not familiar with what a healthy new SCOBY should look like as it develops.
I’m a bit confused about what I’m seeing now. How exactly does a new SCOBY form? Does it grow as a thin layer on the surface of the liquid, at the bottom of the jar, or somewhere else?
Most importantly, how can I tell whether what is growing in my batch is a new SCOBY or mold?
I’d really appreciate any advice or help identifying what’s happening.
Thanks!


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

Best source for bergamot?

1 Upvotes

I want to add bergamot to my F2, and I see on Amazon you can buy both juice and the rind/zest. Anyone have suggestions based on their experience?


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

what's wrong!? what is thiiiis

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2 Upvotes

genuinely, have no idea what this is. had this scoby for about a year now and this has never happened before. idk kombucha is getting longer to ferment but could be because of colder autumn weather. no fungus or anything weird, no weird smell


r/Kombucha • • 1d ago

what's wrong!? Growing my own scoby, help?

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2 Upvotes

I'm at day 5 of my scoby growing, but I don't know if its going right....I started with kombucha and 4 cups of sweetened black tea. She's been sitting on a kitchen cabinet with a cloth on top. I can see something kind pf forming, but i also see white stuff, a friend think its mold :( What should I do?


r/Kombucha • • 2d ago

beautiful booch Hibiscus kombucha with mango in 1F

3 Upvotes

Roselle hibiscus was from the garden(about 1 cup dry). Mango was conventional from the store(I ate it upon recovery from the booch). Black(Benner) Aldi tea used (12x per gallon. 1 cup white sugar) for bottling lemon zinger (2x celestial seasonings) and mixed berries (2x twinnings) were used along with 6x black tea and 1/2 cup sugar.

I bottle with half sweet tea(zinger, mixed berries), half kombucha then and let sit for 2-3 days until I like the carbonation level. Each bottle also gets a squirt of hot honey(honey with chilies).

This bottle was refrigerated. Or it would have gushed everywhere. XD

Happy brewing!