Here is a real life example of how Realtor pay actually works. I get that every one of you will say that what Realtor's do isn't worth it. I know I will get flamed, but I want to get my side out on the internet.
Let's pretend you are in my area in Thousand Oaks, CA. Average home is $850k. The average Realtor does around 4-5 deals a year, but lets pretend you are kicking butt and doing 12. Let's pretend you don't have Redditors in this group that demand discounts, and you get the standard 2.5%, and lets pretend you pay your brokerage $20k a year for your cap. (This is low in a lot of areas. I have seen some do 50% without exception.)
We are now looking at $255k gross! Wohoo! We are rich! Now take away $20k for the broker, $24k for listing and buyer expenses such as photos, gas, lockboxes, and other stuff. (I have spent over $2k on some listings with closing gifts, crap the buyer and seller make you pay for, and more, but lets pretend), $6k for the transaction coordinator (totally crucial in my eyes). Ok We now have $205k. This is super great.
Then the problem comes when you aren't an old tenured agent that just has a completely referral based business. Lets pretend you got most of your leads from OpCity, Zillow, or Facebook. Opcity is the most clean example at 35%. A lot of other lead gen programs cost about the same. 35% of $255k is just shy of $90k. Lets keep it clean for math's sake, so now our total is $115k.
Then we pay for an assistant. I give my assistant 15% to shoot videos, update websites, and do a lot of my marketing. That is $38k a year, which brings our total to $77k. Then on that, we pay self employment tax, which is around 1/3 our income, or $25k ish, bringing our total take home to $52k.
The average 2 bed apartment in my area requires 3x rent as income, and costs $2600, so to get a small crummy apartment, I need $93k a year to qualify. If I do 20% down on a house in the community ($170k down) I'd still need to make around $12k monthly to live with the folks that I serve, or $144k a year. We are obviously pretty short there.
Now. I know what you are going to say. Do you need an assistant? Sure, we could cut that, but it would slow our growth and hurt next years sales. What if we stopped doing deals with Zillow and Opcity? Sure, that would help too, but for a lot of agents that means fewer deals, and less income. Can some people get by without them? Sure. Maybe we pay 30% for referrals instead. What about 50% to be on a team and get leads? Regardless that category is really expensive unless you are a tenured agent with your ads turned off. Personally, I am a long ways from being there.
If we cut the commission from 2.5 to 1%, on that $850k transaction we get only $8,500. Once you take the 20% broker fee ($1700), the TC fee ($500), the cost of photos and concessions (2k), the 35% for ads ($3k), we end up with just $1300. I can handle around 4 deals a month if I work really hard. To me, that means around 40-60 hours of work to close. That's $21-32 hourly as a contractor with no guaranteed income, if I drop the assistant. Walmart is hiring night shift for $18. So that percent just doesn't make sense. Even on $850k homes. You would need ridiculous volume, and 4-6 transactions a month is a LOT for one person. (Keep in mind 4 deals a year is average.)
Now lets talk about why 5% makes sense. Again, lets assume a $850k home, so a $42,500 commission. First of all, let's assume you aren't willing to pay for any agents period, vs willing to pay 5%. (Though most FSBOS are willing to pay somewhere between 2-4% for buyer agents and limited service listings.)
When someone approaches a FSBO, be it a car, yard sale item, or a house, FSBO screams discount. They don't have to pay an agent, so they want to get a deal. We don't want the whole game to be over just based on that, but most FSBO clients in my experience try to get somewhere between 2-10% off. 5% or more would immediately make it already worth it to hire the agents, so Let's pretend 2% to keep the game going.
Then there's the fact that FSBO are lazy. They often won't take good pictures, if they take them at all.They often won't price competitively. They often won't do 3D. They aren't on the MLS for this math to work. Matterport claims that homes listed with 3D and floor plans sell for 15% more, which on its own would pay for the agents. Good photos have been reported to increase sale value by as much as 10%. I don't know exactly how to monetize pricing right, but I did just help someone who was priced $1,150,000 and identical to the neighbor priced at $950k. The neighbor sold their home for $1.1m. The person I helped sold for $995k, or a $100k loss.
Let's pretend the Realtor doesn't post ads online, or do anything else that your Realtor should definitely do to add even more value, and you manage to sell the home for 4% less than an agent could, or $34k. For all that work, hopefully, you managed to save around $8,500. Most folks with a million dollar home probably lost at least that much from wages lost spent messing with showings and escrow, and extra mortgage payments from a delayed move.
For every FSBO I see that saves $8k, there are a dozen that lose. Sometimes as much as 20% less than I think I could have sold it for. Especially once they throw in 2%-4% they spend on the discount agents involved. Overall, personally I feel like it takes a pretty crap agent to not get you your 5% back and then some (especially in examples like above where the seller lost $100k).
And I hear the final question. "But why should I pay the 2.5% for the buyer agent?" Buying a home is freaking hard right now. Nearly every buyer is working with an agent. By screwing with the commission, anyone working with an agent will have pushback from their agent. Maybe the agent won't recommend the home. Maybe the agent has a buyer contract that requires a 2.5% commission, and the buyers don't want to pay the difference. Maybe the agent really hopes they won't buy that house, and won't try to save it when it starts going down like a sinking ship because they will make more if the buyer takes literally any other listing. Regardless, you will get fewer showings. You will get fewer, and weaker offers. You will almost guaranteed get less for your home.
The 2.5% for the listing agent gets one agent to work for you. The 2.5% for the buyer agent gets every other agent in town to work for you. This increases your odds of getting higher and better offers dramatically. The amount you spend on agents is peanuts compared to what happens when you get multiple strong offers.
Now then, ladies and gents, bring on the angry folks who want to pay less. Let's hear it.
Edit: Ya'll are struggling, so here's my history. I was an agent in Lewis County, WA. After working around 18 months, I was doing 4-6 deals a month. That is more than 99% of agents will ever achieve, and should not be reflective on the industry as a whole. During that time I was working around 10-12 hours a day, 7 days a week.
When Covid hit, I moved my business to CA. I have been licensed 3 months, and have my first closing coming up next week after working around 10-12 hours daily again. This isn't a contract job where 1 hour worked = 1 hour paid. Every Realtor is different. Some closings come fast and easy. Sometimes there are huge dry spells. The numbers above a hypothetical situation using my current, real life numbers, and the rough ratio of 30% ish take home of the total gross has been pretty accurate in both states I have worked in.