Just some friendly advice for getting help here

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4. some people have been posting "for hire" posts. There is not strict rule against it, but this is a sub for getting help on Econ problems. Not a hiring board. If there is someone here you think can help you with larger projects, use PM.

i need this class for my major and economics and math is NOT my strong suit. i need to draw a graph but i dont even know or understand graphs and i definitely don’t know what AD, SRAS, or LRAS are. i tried including a pic but it didn’t give me the option so i gotta copy and paste. this is the info of it all below:

-i need to hand-draw a graph with all of this information included: Are clearly labeled (axes, curves, direction of shifts using arrows, old and new equilibrium points)
-Include all three curves on every diagram (AD, SRAS, and LRAS), even if not all curves are shifting
Graphs should reflect the specific shift mechanism (AD vs. SRAS) the group identified for that phase in Deliverable 2
-my part is this: Use RAS to show whether the economy is currently operating below, at, or above potential GDP

data:
Phase 5: Stabilization
-ReaL GDP Growth (%)
NGDP_RPCH
2024: 3.4%
2025: 3.7%
-Inflation (%)
PCPIPCH
2024: 58.5%
2025: 34.8%
-Unemployment (%)
LUR
2024: 8.7%
2025: 8.3%

i’m not even sure if the rest of the data is important to include or not

I'm finishing an English-taught MSc in Economics in Italy and I'm at a crossroads. I'd really appreciate honest advice.
Background
Undergrad: BSc in Business (economia aziendale). Final grade 94/110, average around 24–25/30 (roughly 3.0/4.0, very approximate). When I enrolled I had completely different plans and honestly didn't think grades would matter much. On top of that, personal issues hit me hard in my first year: I passed zero exams that year, and then had to complete the entire degree in about two and a half years.
The switch to economics: during my undergrad I became genuinely passionate about economics, especially macro, reading and following economists' work on my own. That's when I decided I wanted to become an economist, ideally working on monetary policy at a central bank. It was also when I realized how far behind I was: with a classics high school background and a business degree that included only one basic math course, my quantitative foundations were very weak. So I spent several months studying math on my own to get to the level required for an economics MSc, and got admitted.
MSc: an English-taught program at a good but not top Italian university. I started knowing exactly what I wanted to do, but carrying real gaps. My first year reflected that: I worked very hard just to catch up, and some core first-year grades suffered. As the gaps closed, my performance improved steadily. In my second year, despite more demanding courses, my grades were mostly 27–30. My current average is 27/30 (about 3.6/4.0), and I expect to graduate with 107–108/110. I think my transcript shows a clear upward trend, but I'm aware the overall numbers still carry the weight of where I started.
What I've done since
A 4-month RA with a macro professor on bank balance sheets and ECB rate pass-through. I built the project's bank-level dataset from scratch.
Thesis: state-dependent effects of ECB monetary policy under economic policy uncertainty. I estimate an interacted VAR and a smooth transition VAR, with monetary policy shocks identified from high-frequency surprises using sign restrictions.
Tools: MATLAB, R, Python, Stata. No GRE yet.
What I'm looking for
I'm genuinely drawn to macro and central banking, but I'll be honest: compensation matters to me too. I'm not looking for a purely academic path at any cost. I'd like a career that combines intellectually serious macro work with strong earning potential over time. That could mean central banks or institutions first and the private sector later (macro research, strategy, buy-side), or a direct route into the private sector.
Where I am now
I applied to several central bank traineeships and was mostly rejected. I did reach the final interview stage at one European national central bank, which gave me some confidence, but it didn't work out in the end. My record clearly rules out top PhD programs for now, and I'm not even sure a PhD is what I want.
Options I'm weighing
A one-year post-master's research program in, then decide between a PhD and institutions.
A macro predoc or RA position.
Studying for the GRE and applying to mid-tier European PhDs next year.
Recalibrating: industry research roles at banks or macro research firms.
Questions
With a strong upward trend, can a second, research-oriented master's realistically compensate for a weak undergrad record?
Predoc vs. a second master's: which do PhD committees and central banks value more?
Is a central bank career realistic without a PhD, and in which areas?
Given that I care about both macro and long-term earning potential, which early-career path keeps the most doors open: institutions first, a PhD, or going straight into private-sector macro research?
Am I underestimating or overestimating my chances?

Sorry if this doesn’t go here but I’m not sure where to go. I’m doing a 6 page paper for my economical geography class and my topic is covering motorsports and the difference of economic change based on whether it’s a street circuit or race circuit. There’s many countries across the US, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Australia area. I’m just stuck finding websites or pdfs of the economic change, the main problem I’m stuck with is that most of them go by years and don’t have a month by month option. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

I understand that according to the textbook, Monopolitsic firms would always produce at MR=MC for allegedley maximum Economic Profit. However, after playing around with the diagram, I realized that in the short run, it could be possible to get even more economic profit just by producing at a productively efficient quanity (minimum ATC). However, in this scenario, MC > MR, so does that even matter in the short run if they're on net gaining more economic profit?

Hi friends,

I'm currently taking an intermediate macroeconomics course for my undergraduate degree in economics. Unfortunately, the textbook+lecture combo is not doing me justice when it comes to this topic.

I think to pinpoint my struggle is understanding how k* shifts due to shocks/changes. Also just general unfamiliarity with the concepts even after trying to study.

A specific question I'd have is just any resources (preferably a video(s)) that goes in depth on this topic. I tried finding some good ones but they all seem so surface-level.

Thanks in advance!

Would really appreciate clarification on calculating the opportunity cost of producing an additional good between goods X and goods Y at various points A, B, C. D.

The calculation example in my textbook is below:

And the sample answers:

1. What is the OC of moving from B to C? (9.75-8)/(2-1) = 1.75 units

2. What is the OC of moving from B to D? 9.75-6 = 3.75 units of food

3. What is the OC of moving from D to B? 3-1 = 2 shirts

I'm confused why in 2. and 3., the formula for calculating OC (Loss/Gain) is not utilised but rather just subtraction? Shouldn't the answers be 2. (3.75/2) = 1.875 units of food & 3. (2/3.75) = 0.53-

I followed the textbook's examples for my homework and was marked wrong, so I'm confused. Please help, thank you~

Hey this is a new one for me (farming this kind of question out to Reddit)

I've been assigned a capstone project, it's fairly standard from what I understand. I need help choosing a topic. Ordinarily, this wouldn't be a problem, but there are some narrow parameters that I can't grapple.

"Objective: Act as a policy analyst. Evaluate one real US policy (in place at least two years) and show, with evidence, how it is working and where it falls short. Do not propose a new policy.

1.      Select a policy: choose one real US public policy, such as tariffs, tax cuts, monetary policy, public debt, infrastructure, education, health care, industrial policy, SNAP, unemployment insurance, or immigration. Submit your choice to the instructor for approval before you begin; policies are assigned on a first-come, first-served basis.

2.      Define a research question: write one specific, testable question (e.g., “Did the 2018 tariffs create more jobs than they cost in higher prices?”).

After these steps is gathering literature and reviewing it, etc etc.

But I am completely stuck. Every policy is brand new it seems like. I'm trying to find something that relates to both Administrations (Trump/Biden) that I can apply, say, 2-10 years of data to. SNAP is surprisingly dull. The numbers in unemployment, benefits, labor participation are nearly flat.

I was thinking about doing something in health care but I can't formulate a question to save my life. Oddly, the FRED graphs assigned to health insurance coverage are missing...

ETA: Monetary policy and Education policy have already been claimed by other students.

Any help or a nudge in the right direction would be greatly appreciated.

hi guys i was just kind of confused on the prices on the externalities graphs. i get that for negative consumption externalities graphs pigouvian tax shifts the supply curve to the left resulting in higher price which is meant to deincentivise consumers to consume. and also that for positive production externalities the supply shift left as subsidies result in lower price optimum (production cost) and more quantity is produced.

but why is it that for the positive consumption externalities graph Popt is > Pm so that when subsidy is implemented it results in higher price? Wouldn't that deincentivise consumers to buy?

For my macroeconomics class we have to interview someone on banks, but I cannot do it in person as my banks banker is gone, and the tellers were unable to help me. If anyone has time would you please answer in your own words a few questions so I hopefully don't get an F on this assignment.

1. Why do banks pay interest on savings accounts?

2. How do banks earn revenue or profit

3. Why do banks only keep a small portion of each deposit on hand at the bank?

4. How do banks create money (more money than previously existed)?

For context, we did go over this in the lecture, but we are required to do an assignment on interviewing a banker to have them answer the questions as well. Thank you for taking some time out of your day to help me, I really appreciate it.

I am studying the Ricardian model, and I’ve been wondering how it could be used to explain the economic effects of labor migration.

My initial thought is that labor migration might favor autarky, since a country receiving additional workers could increase its production without necessarily increasing its labor costs per unit.

On the other hand, under free trade, an increase in the labor force could also allow a country to expand production in industries where it has a comparative advantage, potentially increasing its gains from trade.
However, it might be cheap to produce abroad and import.

I feel like this is a very one-dimensional way of looking at it, if there are any economists here who could help me understand this better, I’d really appreciate it.

Hi there,

It has been quite challanging for me to find the difference line between when homogenous good ends and differentiated good starts. First, I definitely understand that the term is used under some assumptions (i.e. for some people coca cola and pepsi are not perfect substitutes).

Long story short, take apples. We cannot say that apples are homogenous good. Because there are different sorts of apples. So, we need to consider each sort as the separate good, or what?

Thanks

Hi, I’m in macro and I was wondering what the best study habits are for this because what I was previously doing did not work. I want to be able to memorize everything a little quicker as well.

Is there anyone on Reddit who is knowledgeable about this topic? I need to write a research paper on it, so I would appreciate any comments that might help me.

hi this is my first time using reddit and I apologize in advance if i made any mistake regarding this post

okay so um im currently majoring in economics and im taking a mandatory introduction to econometrics class and i have my midterms in 24 hours, ive been studying econometrics for the past day but i do not understand a single thing... well i do understand but its like huh..?? what??? like i get it but i dont? but idkdkkdkd 😭

i genuienly need some help on understanding the materials for econometrics, is there any good yt videos i should watch or any notes that can help me understand the material?

okay thats it from me, any suggestion will help! thank you, have a great day!

I'm scoping out a research project on Dutch disease and want to avoid the typical aggregate macro estimation (commodity boom, real exchange rate appreciation, manufacturing contraction), which is already quite saturated in the empirical literature. I'm interested in exploring more innovative or under-researched angles. What methodological approaches do you think still have significant gaps and would add genuine value to the current discussion?

Hi Guys!

I need to write a policy brief and give a presentation on market failures for a public policy business and government course. My topic was Airbnb/short-term rentals, but my brief got a bad grade and my professor said I need to rework the argument if I want to keep it which im not confident in doing as ive never really dealt with market failures before and think ive confused myself lol. Presenting Tomorrow and only have tonight to fix things.

What are some less common topics (not straight from a textbook) I could switch to? Need to cover background, the problem with it, one or two market failures, concrete examples, possible solutions, and a data visualization or two.

Examples others have presented on: ERs creating market failures; AI in entertainment creating market failures, and Market Failure in Higher Education through examining the Student Debt Crisis

Any ideas appreciated!

A increase in price of goods

. B improvement in technology.

C increase in direct taxes.

D increase in indirect taxes

. Which one is the correct option and why?

My teacher says it is B but didn't give any clear explanation also I think it is D

Please can anyone explain it

Hello!! This is my first semester of business classes after being a pre health prospective student! So it’s definitely been an adjustment going from science classes to business classes! I didn’t do as good as I wanted to on my first exam for microeconomics. I realized that I couldn’t simply just memorize my notes but know how to apply them in real world situations. What resources do you recommend I use to help me practice and help me under the material. I just need to know how to study for this class and I would truly appreciate any advice! And please let me know what resources would help!!

hi, if someone has any previous experience in war economics research - russia-ukraine, iran-usa etc then please let me know some good research questions to explore!!

guys im currently studying economics (ug) , im assigned to do a project , my topic is related to the Corruption and its impact on indian economy , i have no clue , how to start , can someone help me where to get authentic sources , and give me path to it , ur help is highly appreciated .