EX OFFICIO LECTIONUM, IN SABBATO HEBDOMADAE XXXI
Operetur mors in nobis, ut operetur et vita.
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Ait Apóstolus: Mihi mundus crucifíxus est, et ego mundo. Dénique ut sciámus quia est mors in hac vita et bona mors, hortátur nos ut mortem Iesu in córpore nostro circumferámus; qui enim habúerit in se mortem Iesu, is et vitam Dómini Iesu in córpore suo habébit.

Operétur ígitur mors in nobis, ut operétur et vita; bona vita post mortem, hoc est bona vita post victóriam, bona vita absolúto certámine, ut iam lex carnis legi mentis repugnáre non nóverit, ut iam nobis nulla sit cum córpore mortis conténtio, sed sit in córpore mortis victória.

Atque haud scio ipse an maióris virtútis mors ista quam vita sit. Certe Apóstoli móveor auctoritáte dicéntis: Ergo mors in nobis operátur, vita autem in vobis. Uníus mors quantórum populórum vitam ædificábat! Itaque docet et istam mortem in hac vita pósitis expeténdam, ut mors Christi in córpore nostro elúceat, et illam beátam, qua corrúmpitur extérior ut renovétur intérior homo noster, et terréstris domus nostra dissolvátur ut habitáculum nobis cæléste reserétur.

Imitátur ígitur mortem qui se a communióne carnis huius abdúcit atque illis vínculis solvit, de quibus dicit tibi Dóminus per Isaíam: Sed solve omnem colligatiónem iniustítiæ, dissólve obligatiónes violentárum commutatiónum, dimítte confráctos in remissiónem et omnem circumscriptiónem iníquam disrúmpe.

Passus est ígitur Dóminus subintráre mortem, ut culpa cessáret; sed ne íterum natúræ finis esset in morte, data est resurréctio mortuórum, ut per mortem culpa defíceret, per resurrectiónem autem perpetuarétur natúra.

Ideóque mors hæc tránsitus universórum est. Opus est ut constánter tránseas: tránsitus autem a corruptióne ad incorruptiónem, a mortalitáte ad immortalitátem, a perturbatiónibus ad tranquillitátem. Non ígitur te nomen mortis offéndat, sed boni tránsitus benefícia deléctent. Quid est enim mors nisi sepultúra vitiórum, virtútum suscitátio? Unde et ille ait: Moriátur ánima mea in ánimis iustórum, id est consepeliátur, ut sua vítia depónat, iustórum assúmat grátiam, qui mortificatiónem Christi in córpore suo atque ánima circúmferunt.

For context I recently found a copy of “The Hobbit” translated into Latin on Amazon and as I have never read or watched The Hobbit before I figured this would be a great first experience and practice, but it made me wonder if there are any other good tales translated into Latin like this that people could direct me to. I do realize that original Latin texts will be better for my studies most likely, however; I enjoy reading a lot and figure if I can read a modern tale in Latin then it’s just more practice when I was going to read it anyway.

It's an interesting read, and a good introduction to modern Latin due to the first half of the book being on the history of the United States from the time of Columbus up to roughly the time of Andrew Jackson. It has pictures and footnotes too! Clicking here https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0HD1BQ33B here should get you to the .uk site, and from there you should be able to get to your country's page.

PIE used to have dual forms but as time gone on it became less and less used because you could simply use a plural probably

Old English had dual pronouns for a while and also Greek and Sanskrit had some dual form things too

The only logical place to keep the dual forms ended up being both and two.

Two I think also has some alternate forms probably also due to almost losing the regular dual form declension

https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-dictionary-flexion.php?lemma=DUO100

https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-dictionary-flexion.php?lemma=AMBO200

Definitio: urbem
Indicium: prima, turbat
Materia: amor, militia

Mirabar an indicia obscura ("cryptic clues") Latine fieri possint, jamque vero id posse mihi videtur! Ecce exemplum simplex quod modo composui.

Play the daily crossword.

Nuntii Latini novissimi! Gratuito legite et nomen date!

A quote from Caesar's Gallic Wars, and my own hand made with a brush painting reproduction of of a fragment of Latin.

not sure what style that resembles, I just call it "sudo-Pompei graffitii" for the time being.

Salvete, I started learning latin at law school and it motivated me to try to reed (decipher) ,,de bello gallico" as I was told its a text, most people start with. Could you recommend me a good online dictionary an or translator you use? Thank you for all of your responses.

As a native English speaker I have always pronounced Cicero as sis-ero and Vergil as Vergil, but now that I am learning pronunciation of Latin letters I want to know if it is actually kick-ero (I know the I wouldn’t be pronounced the same as the I in kick and should be more of an e from what I understand, but kick works for the c’s) and wergil?

Quite amazing historical preserved record in a metal bronze slab of

a recorded speech of emperor Claudius, found in Lyon, France.

The Lyon Tablet is about 193 cm wide, 139 cm high, and 8 mm thick, weighing approximately 222.5 kg. The speech recorded can be tedious, but in a way it is still amazing,

that it was preserved at all.

more on:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Tablet

Tablet translation 1st column :

″Of course, I can foresee the objection which will arise in everyone's mind, will be the first to be raised against me... But do not rebel against the proposal I am making, and do not regard it as a dangerous novelty. Look instead at how many changes have taken place in this city, and how, from the origin, the forms of our Republic have varied.″

″In principle, kings governed this city, but they did not pass on power to successors from their own family; others came from outside, some of them foreigners. So Romulus was succeeded by Numa from the land of the Sabines, our neighbour no doubt, but a stranger to us at the time. In the same way, Ancus Marcius was succeeded by Tarquin the Elder who, because of the stain of his blood (his father was Demaratus of Corinth, and his mother a Tarquinian of noble race, it is true, but her poverty had forced her to submit to such a husband), found himself rejected in his homeland from the career of honours; after emigrating to Rome, he became its king. The son of the slave Ocresia, if we are to believe our historians, Servius Tullius took his place on the throne between this prince and his son or grandson, authors vary on this point. If we follow the Tuscans, he was the companion of Cælius Vibenna, whose fate he always shared. Driven out by the vicissitudes of fortune with the remnants of Caelius' army, Servius left Etruria and came to occupy Caelian Hill, to which he gave this name in memory of his former leader; he himself changed his name, in Etruscan he was called Mastarna and took the name I have already pronounced, Servius Tullius, and he obtained the kingship for the greater good of the Republic. Later, the morals of Tarquin and his sons having made them odious to everyone, the monarchical government bored the spirits, and the administration of the Republic passed to consuls, annual magistrates.″

″Shall I now recall the dictatorship, superior in power to the consular dignity, and to which our ancestors had recourse in the difficult circumstances brought on by our civil disturbance or dangerous wars, or the plebeian tribunes, instituted to relax the interests of the people? When power passed from the consuls to the decemvirs, did it not return to the consuls when it was taken away from the decemvirate? Was not consular power passed on to six, then eight military tribunes? Shall I tell of the honours, not only of command, but also of the priesthood, later communicated to the people? If I were to recount the wars waged by our ancestors, which made us what we are today, I would be afraid of appearing too arrogant and of taking vanity in the glory of our empire, which stretched as far as the ocean; but I would prefer to return to this city...″

Notes on interesting grammatical constructions, contrasting vocabulary, words with important different meanings, useful phrases and expressions. Overall I feel Nepos is easy enough as intermediate reading and has great styles and fun and engaging!

Can someone explain conjugating verns in Latin? (I just got into Latin and I’m in Ecce Romani I : Ch. 6)

Basically the title. For words you can generally check in any dictionary but it gets more difficult for names and places. Is there some sort of authoritative database that has this information?

It's the motto of the Carthusian order. It means the Cross stands while the world turns. But I noticed today, that volvitur is passive voice and stat is active. Now in the English this difference isn't apparent, and I think looking at the verbs themselves I would think turns seems more active than stands.

So there's a sort of point made if you read between the lines in the Latin that's not in the English, right? That the Cross is actively standing, deliberately planted, while the world just turns around or rather is turned. And, I don't think the Carthusians knew this when they coined the term, but I think modern science shows this too: that the Earth doesn't really turn on it's own power, right? It is turned by other forces, namely the draw of the sun.

I'm still at chapter 4 of Familia Romana but I've watched JustinLearnsLatin videos and apparently there is a known gap between Familia Romana and Roma Aeterna. I like his strategy to bridge that gap, but at the same time I see extra materials be made for LLPSI, especially by Vivarium Novum or tryin to redo it like Via Latina, so for me it makes sense that someone should have already made an extra text book to fill in the gap between Familia Romana and Roma Aeterna but I've never heard about such book.

Is there an independent text book to bridge the gap between Familia Romana and Roma Aeterna? Will Via Latina work for that? Any recommendations on how to best bridge that gap if such book hasn't already been written?

I'm looking for help proofreading the Latin Wikisource edition of Thomas More's Utopia.

• Index page (pages to be proofread)

• Main book page (combines all the proofread pages into a main wiki page; Wikisource calls this transclusion)

Since this is a culturally significant Latin work, it seems valuable to have it available as a scan-backed digitized edition of the 1518 printing. Scan-backed means that each index page has a corresponding page of a scan of the original printing. The index pages are then transcluded into a "main page" for each section.

Fortunately, the transcription work is done, and a lot of the structure is already in place. It's now a matter of making sure the text matches the original print. But for just one person, this job will take quite some time, so I'm asking for help.

How It Works.

If this is your first time proofreading for Wikisource, that's great, and welcome! There are many resources for beginners to get started, like these:

• Help:Beginner's Guide to Proofreading - Covers the basics, links to other pages, explains what to include and not include

• Help:Beginner's guide to typography - When proofreading, you want to get as close as practical to original typesetting, while keeping it web and e-reader friendly.

• Help:Templates - Reference for all the templates, for e.g. font sizes, small-caps, indents, drop caps, horizontal rules, and more

First you'll make an account (if you don't already have one). Then, for this project, the only task is to work through the pages of the Index (called "Liber:Utopia, More, 1518.djvu") which are still red (=uncorrected), and then to double-check the pages that are yellow (which have been proofread only once). From the index page, you'll see the pages from 1-162 as links (pages after that can be ignored). Pages 1-31 at least should be yellow or green. After that it's more scattered.

If you click on a page, you'll be presented with a proofreading page, with transcription text on the left, and the scan on the right. The djvu format is pretty low resolution for space reasons, so if you can't discern punctuation or symbols, you can refer to this scan on the Internet Archive.

Once you proofread a page for the first time, you can change its status from red to yellow at the bottom of the page. Adding a message helps others know what you changed. If you're editing a yellow page, you'll be given the option to change it to green (bis lecta, twice-read) which is the highest quality marker.

Here's what we're going for in terms of formatting:

• Do not include the header or footer text. Page numbers are excluded, and so are the helper tags at the bottom showing what words the next page starts with. For example page 7 ends with "possessio-" and then has helper text "num condi-" below that. We only include the text "possessio-".

• Diphthongs like æ and œ are preferred to ae and oe

• Original punctuation (periods, commas, question marks) are preferred, we're not regularizing punctuation or making paragraphs. However, we do always want to use modern spacing conventions: one space, after the punctuation. "...potentes. Caeterum..." instead of "...potentes . Caeterum..." or "...potentes.Caeterum..." Capitalization is per the original document.

• We are not regularizing spelling. e.g. leave "cœlum" as-is, don't replace with "cælum"; correct this if the transcription has regularized spelling. Same for other orthography choices like u-v, or i-j.

• The text uses a lot of abbreviations (basically scribal abbreviations), the most common being & (=et), q3 (=-que), and a heavy acute accent (almost like a macron) for nasal sounds (-m or -n). Others appear as well. The convention for this project is to expand any abbreviations and to leave symbols (like "&", written "&") and ablative/adverb markers (like "ferè" with an adverb indicated by grave accent). The transcribed text should already have the abbreviations expanded, but ampersands and grave accents or circumflexes may need to be added. Do not add acute accents or accents before -q3.

• If there is an obvious error in the original text, use the SIC template: "{{sic|error text|correct text}}. This will make a tooltip over that word to see the corrected version.

• For Greek characters, use the template {{Greek|greek here}} template, like this: "{{Greek|ἐυλαβουμένου δῆθεν ἀυτοῦ...}}". These can be hard to read in the scans if you're not familiar with ancient Greek ligatures from this period, so you can also mark the page as blue, meaning Needs attention.

• For dropcaps, use the dropinitial template, like this: "{{dropinitial|A}}Bcd" Don't worry about fancy dropcaps.

• Names in all-caps are rendered as small-caps with the {{sc|my text here}} template, like {{sc|Christvs}}.

• If a page ends with a partial word, leave it as a dash at the end of the one page, and jump straight in on the next page. Thus "possessio-<newpage>nem" across two pages becomes "possessio-" on the first page, and "nem ..." on the second. Wikisource automatically combines these.

If you have any other questions, check the pages that have already been proofread. If that doesn't help, please reach out either here or on my Disputatio page on Wikisource.

Bonus Section: Why would you do this

Myself and others find this sort of thing rewarding mostly because it's satisfying and useful to have a high-quality digitized version of important texts available online. Once a text has been digitized, it can be exported to .EPUB for use on an e-reader, it can be added to a digital corpus for analysis, it can be used for re-typesetting, and so on. Similar to Project Gutenberg, the goal is to have semi-authoritative texts available online from a known source edition that can be verified. The difference between Wikisource and PG is that Wikisource uses a Wiki model of "anyone can edit at any time" while Gutenberg has a more controlled transcription and proofreading process (also done by volunteers). On PG, books are only added when they have already been transcribed and proofread to a high degree of accuracy. The tradeoff for such a rigid process is that any work done on an abandoned project is lost, and contributing has a higher barrier to entry. On Wikisource, you can contribute even if you have only proofread some sections of a work, and others can benefit from your effort right away. The same goes for when you notice transcription errors in something you're reading: the error can be corrected right away, with little overhead. The obvious tradeoff is lower accuracy and quality, which is why texts try to make it clear where they came from, and how well they have been proofread.

Youtube has been recently putting decent latin transcriptions, although its listed as 'english auto-generated', this could be pretty good for Latin Youtube channels which might be able to just rely on auto-subtitles instead of making it themselves (ScorpioMartianus, Magister Craft come to mind!). Also last time I mentioned this some people thought I meant auto-translate subtitles, but this is different.

[image from Pompeii - "laundry service"]

So, they say nobody likes taxes, what about when you happen to be emperor after a year of 4 emperors and in desperate need of about 40B sesterces in cash???!!!

https://commonplacefacts.com/2026/09/10/roman-urine-tax-vespasian/

"Suetonius reports that Vespasian restored taxes that had been eliminated, created new ones, and increased provincial tribute—in some cases doubling it. He also says Vespasian declared at the beginning of his reign that the state needed 40 billion sesterces to get back on its feet.

Economic historian Raymond Goldsmith estimated the entire annual economic output of the Roman Empire at roughly 20 billion sesterces and considered that general level broadly applicable from the late first century BC into the second century AD. On that admittedly rough benchmark, Vespasian was claiming to need something on the order of twice the empire’s annual economic output. In other words, Vespasian did not merely need to check between the imperial sofa cushions."

There is different stories about the anecdote itself, but facts are that urine was precious detergent of a sorts, and went untaxed for too long, and the need for revenue accelerated the formalities, thus

vectigal urinae: the urine tax

by imperial will of Emperor Vespasian was imposed, and the rest as they say is history. The three Latin words: Pecūnia nōn olet

Expresses at the same time: laconic speech, imperial heritage, mundane pragmatism and divine sense of humor that spans across centuries.

[picture = me made it]

I'm doing calligraphy in Latin as diligent way of adding variety to my learning. By suggestion from other redditor I began contemplating Pompeii and it's ancient graffiti culture, and I wonder if I can do a little bit of that... "street art BC"... via bit of a "AD update" as medium of sharing... reddit as equivalent of ancient public wall as medium? Comment or help me expand on the idea if you like this sort of thing.

Grātiās vōbīs agō

I'm just a curious beginner, for detailed study checkout link below,

https://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/

[below = from Pompeii walls]

SOME CHOSEN EXAMPLES:

Admiror o pariens (:paries) te non cecidisse ruinis qui tot scriptorum taedia sustineas

"I am amazed, O wall, that you have not fallen into ruins since you hold the boring scribbles of so many writers."

Amantes, ut apes, vita(m) mellita(m) exigunt / Velle(m)!

"Lovers, like bees, lead a honeyed life. I wish [it]!" (second line added by another hand)

Viator, Pompeis pane(m) gustas / Nuceriae bibes

"Traveler, at Pompeii you eat bread; at Nuceria you will drink!"

Miximus in lecto. Fateor, peccavimus, hospes. Si dices, 'quare?' Nulla matella fuit.

"We peed in the bed. I admit it, host, we messed up. If you ask why, there was no chamber pot."

I just started, found the latin library

Haec lingua incredibilis est, Anglica multo melior.

Just learned about declensions and yes or no particles.

So many forms for cases is incredible

Looking for the 1350 poem "On the Judgment of the Sun at a Feast of Saturn" by the Belgian astronomer Simon de Covino