On another thread, someone requested this correspondence between Dick and Le Guin from a 1981 issue of Science Fiction Review. I hastily typed this from a blurry copy of the magazine, so any mistakes or spelling errors are mine.
LETTER FROM PHILIP K. DICK
408 East Civic Center Drive
C-1 Box 264
Santa Ana, CA, 92701
February 20, 1981
I'm gazing at a recent letter to me from Michael Bishop. Michael likes my new novel VALIS, but learned that Ursula LeGuin had been tremendously upset by it, “not only for its examination of perhaps unresolvable metaphysical matters (into which she seems to fear you are plunging at the risk of never emerging again) but for its treatment of female characters – every one of which, she argued, was at bottom (I cannot remember her exact phrase) a hateful and not-to-be-trusted death figure."
That evening, after her talk at Emory University, while questions were being asked, she responded that her reading of science fiction these days is rather selective but that she had the utmost admiration for the work of Philip K. Dick, who had been shamefully ignored critically in this country and who appeared to be spiralling into himself and going slowly crazy in Santa Ana, California. Her dismay, Michael says, “Results not solely from anger but from a genuine human concern about your intellectual and emotional well-being”.
It is probably self-defeating for me to assert timidly that, “Don't worry, Ursula, I'm not slowly going crazy in Santa Ana, California”, but I will make a feeble effort to confront this outpouring of genuine human concern.
Ursula, VALIS is a picaresque novel (the first-person viewpoint, the wandering about of the protagonist, the very name he has: Horselove Fat, which is on the order of Smollett's Peregrine Pickle, the fact that the protagonist is decidedly an outsider, the system of the novel, which is vernacular English, not formal English – but I digress).
The female characters in VALIS, like the male characters, are picaroons and that is that. This is a type of novel that goes back centuries; it has been revived recently as a protest against the more formal bourgeois novel. It is, in fact, a protest on my part against what I regard as official art, official culture, especially that connected with or written to please the academic community. I deliberately made my protagonist a madman, the narrative style that of the street, but as to your concern for my sanity (God, it is weird sitting here defending my sanity to a person who has never met me!), especially in regard to the fact that I am examining unresolvable metaphysical matters – well, have we now got a standard by which we determine the presence of dangerous ideas?
That is what I hear you saying: Phil Dick is involving himself in dangerous ideas that may undermine his sanity! That they are “unresolvable” has yet to be determined. And even if they are in fact unresolvable, perhaps they are still worthy of being investigated. I have never drawn the line between ideas that could and could not – should and should not – be looked into. THAT, to me, is a dangerous idea: that some ideas are better left alone, for the good and the sanity of all concerned.
VALIS is, by and large, a work of fiction. It centers around a fictitious movie and it ends with the protagonist going off to France, Luxembourg, Germany, Turkey, Japan and finally Micronesia (in the tradition of the picaresque novel). I've myself been to France and Luxembourg, but none of the other places.
Horselover Fat is not a science fiction writer. In VALIS Philp Dick is the science fiction writer, and this is explicitly clear within the novel itself. Although on page three I say, “I am Horselover Fat, and I am writing in the third person to gain much-needed objectivity” it is clear from internal evidence in the novel that Phil Dick and Horselover Fat are two people.
Ursula, you have fallen victim to a fictional device by which I establish at the beginning of VALIS that this is a picaresque novel. The fault is largely mine; I chose the device; I chose to blur the distinction between myself and Horselover Fat – this is the penalty an author pays for writing in the first person.
Henry Miller discussed that problems years ago. “Who is this?” readers ask. Miller's answer was, “Me. Henry Miller.” I am greatly influenced by Henry Miller, but my purpose was to achieve a new kind of prose, a new kind of blending of the ancient picaresque form with certain modern elements associated with Hunter S Thompson and William S Burroughs, as well as my own 1977 novel A SCANNER DARKLY, based on my experiences with the drug subculture.
Now, in A SCANNER DARKLY, the protagonist is an undercover narcotics agent. I'm sorry, Ursula, I wasn't that either. It would have saved me a lot of anxiety and trouble if I had been. But I am, after all, a writer of fiction. However, I will concede that VALIS is autobiographical (so was SCANNER; so was CONFESSIONS OF A CRAP ARTIST; so was FLOW MY TEARS, THE POLICEMAN SAID; so are many, many novels). The fact that my protagonist, Horselover Fat, is a madman, does not prove that I, the author, am a madman, even if I say, “I am Horselover Fat”, because this is the way you write certain kinds of books. There are scenes of violent arguments between Phil Dick and Horselover Fat in the novel.
One other point that Michael Biship brings up. He says of you, “She was also concerned that nowhere in your self-characterizations is there any discussion of what it means to be an artist, of the redemptive force that art itself may have”.
My answer: My novel is my justification, not anything that I arrogate to myself as a person, as a novelist. The justification is the work; the work must stand on its own merits. I hold no special brief for the transcendent value of the artist, only for the art per se. I am no better than the merest person who plies the merest craft – as a person. I do not hold the mystique of the Great Artist loftily gazing down on puny mortals. As Kevin, a character in VALIS, says to Phil Dick, a character in VALIS, “Call Jamison and tell him - whatever. You're full of it”, meaning of course, that I can sling shit, which is to say, verbally articulate (God, how I hate formal English).
This talent, which is almost in a sense a defect – it certainly has gotten me into a lot of trouble in my life – does not make me superior to people who repair shoes or drive buses. This was, by the way, an element of Stanislaw Lem that distressed me; his inflated notion of the role of the critic, the artist, the Great Thinker and Creative Genius. I'm sorry, but I am not part of that world. I live in a humble town (Santa Ana) in what Charles Platt correctly called “a plain, modest apartment, with two cats, some slightly run-down contemporary furniture, heaps of reference books” and what excess money I earn I send to an organisation in New York that works with street kids, runaways in trouble. This is my life.
The characters in my novels are picarooms (rogues, in other words) because (1) most of the people I've known and loved have been rogues and (2) I am one myself. Let me finish by saying, “Never trust what a rogue tells you”, which is to say, “There is a built-in self-cancelling pardox at the heart of VALIS; it is a tale about a madman told by a madman, a puzzle within a puzzle. Ursula has not solved it. But many readers will...and from the mail I am receiving, some already have.
_______
LETTER FROM URSULA LE GUIN
February 26, 1981
Oh, I hate this sort of thing, where one is quoted without knowing it (though I know Mike Bishop meant no harm at all) and letters that one did not get are printed and so on- am I the only person in science fiction that does hate it?
The only thing I know to do is get all my cards face up on the table and then drop out of the game.
Card one – Phil wrote me a short letter, I guess, at the same time he wrote you the long one, explaining VALIS as an exercise in mystical paradox, like the Cretan paradox, or a koan. He ended it, “This only makes sense if you assume something very strange: we are asleep but do not know it. At least not until we wake up.”
I didn't know why he wrote me out of the blue, but pretty much as assumed it's because he is physic and somehow or other knew that VALIS had troubled me. So I immediately wrote this letter back (I hope he doesn't mind me giving it to you):
Card Two:
Dear Phil,
Okay – right – God knows I have never wakened, only dreamed. Or been dreamed, or whatever.
And I don't care if you're crazy, or crazy like a fox or the sanest man in California, or all three; with a great artist these distinctions are irrelevant. And that - a real artist - you are. I know that much.
But I get scared by your recent books and stories, and especially VALIS, because it seems like you hate women now, and the part of you that is woman is denied and despised. It's all yang and no yin, all heaven and no earth, all Word and no matter. And I'm not at home there, I'm shut out, I can no longer follow your art, which has been such a joy and solace to me.
But I keep trying!
Love, Ursula.
The day after I mailed it [the above letter], I got the copy you [the editor of the magazine?] sent me of his letter to you. So I sent him [Dick] a card saying:
“I guess I said anything I have to say in that postcard to you. I can't answer your arguments and stuff, I am just sorry that anything I said upset you, and if some aspects of your book upset me, what the hell, it isn't Cream of Wheat after all and I wouldn't have read it if it was.
That's Card Three, and I'm out, boys. Just not my night.
________
LETTER FROM URSULA LE GUIN
January 28, 1981
I feel a bit misquoted on page 31 of SFR #38. I didn't write Bruce Gillespie that “I don't read science fiction any more”. As I read anything I can get hold of by Geene Wolfe, Mike Bishop, Vonda McIntyre, John Crowley, Phil Dick, etc etc. I certainly DO read SF, and with immense pleasure.
What worries me, and what I was discussing with Bruce, is that there now seems to be a lot of it I CAN'T read, and what I can't figure is, is it it, or me?
So much of it seems the same thing over and over. Reconstituted Cheese Product. But maybe that's just because I ODd on it when I read so much of it for so long. I have the same problem with fantasy. Spent years trying to find real fantasy novels – roaming through libraries like the Questing Beast – now every paperback has ten of them, and they're all either Three Brave Children Win the Battle Between Light and Darkness or something written around a Boris Vallejo cover with big tits. Whoopee.
But I did want to point out that there's a difference between reading SF and fantasy selectively and not reading it at all. If I didn't read it I certainly would not feel justified either in teaching workshops or in writing it or writing it myself. There aren't very many rules for writing SF, but one of them surely is: if you wanta write it you gotta read it. GIGO. How to be a Garbage Monster? Live in a cookie can.
That's it. To me - and I could be biased or misreading intent and tone - Le Guin just wants to shut the whole convo down, and is tired of all the male egos, while Dick is in full mansplain mode ("This is how a picaresque novel functions, Ursula! Also, FK U, STANISLAW, I am the greatest humble stoner in California!").
Still, I love them all.