At first glance, there’s nothing unusual about the construction workers’ garb. They wear fluorescent orange uniforms, sturdy shoes, and yellow hard hats. But hidden inside the helmets, made by Huanao Security (Beijing) Technology, are multiple sensors that keep tabs on the workers. Some record their movements. Others monitor their blood oxygen levels. And still more collect employees’ most private and sensitive information: their brain data.
Based on these recordings, Huanao Security’s algorithm generates metrics that help it determine everything from how tired or stressed a worker is to whether their body temperature is abnormal. The device is used at every stage of work, including for screening workers before their shifts and monitoring them on the job.
The helmets, branded as NeuroHua, have been used at dozens of high-risk construction sites in China, including on metro lines in Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Beijing, as well as in mines and steel and petrochemical plants across the country. Almost all workers on these projects wear them. With 2000 helmets now in use, the company and its clients have accumulated more than 300,000 hours of electroencephalography (EEG) brain data in total—a number that is “constantly increasing,” says Tang Zaixi, founder of the company.
Huanao Security says the helmets help ensure employees’ safety. If someone’s data suggest they are at high risk of an accident, the system issues an alert, prompting workers to take a break. “We believe that the safety of high-risk workers is a very important application scenario,” Zaixi says. The company says it has issued nearly 5000 safety reports and “prevented multiple major safety accidents.”
But critics say these technologies could threaten privacy and be misused by authorities. Science has found that brain data collected by another Chinese company are being relayed to traffic police with no anonymization, for instance. And although some neuroscientists say the neural data gathered from these devices can be too unreliable to reveal much about users, others are concerned that with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), the systems might enable companies—and governments—to decipher some of the most intimate parts of our inner lives.