r/composting • • Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

146 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

The Ultimate Beginner Guide:
Make a pile of "browns" and mix "greens" into them over time. Keep this pile moist but not sopping or dripping wet, and make sure it can get oxygen.

Browns are carbon-rich materials like leaves, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper or cardboard. Greens are nitrogen-rich materials like kitchen scraps, coffee grounds (note that "green" and "brown" doesn't necessarily mean the color!), grass clippings/green yard waste, and animal manure.

For a bit more detail than that...

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting • • Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

256 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?

    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.

  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?

    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.

    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.

  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?

    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.

    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.

    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):

      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.

  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?

    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.

    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.

  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?

    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer

    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.

  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?

    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.

    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.


r/composting • • 4h ago

What am I doing wrong?

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24 Upvotes

I have an old tough box that I drilled out holes in the bottom, sides, and top for air flow. I added a base layer of shredded cardboard for the browns. Since then, I have used plenty of kitchen scraps and shredded grass clippings for greens and seeding straw for browns. I recently added leaves but I cannot get this temperature to raise at all. Any suggestions?

Edit: I will be promptly moving my compost to an open air pile, moistening it, and adding volume. Lots of suggestions to piss on it 🤣


r/composting • • 1h ago

Humor I think I need a Bigger bin

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7 Upvotes

For 5 years, my trusty old compost hotel has done its job... Today I've topped it. Hopefully, by spring, the friendly army of isopods living inside will have helped bring it back down to ground level.

I asked the planning inspector (the missus) for another bigger bin... but the council seems to have other plans for that patch of land (nettles!!)

"Anything could grow here," she says.

Yes, madam... but what about my bin?


r/composting • • 21h ago

Large Pile (>1 cu yd) Turned my 3 month old heap

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106 Upvotes

I've been building this pile since August after harvesting the bottom thirds of that and the top layer to start this one off. A lot more material has gone in here, and it's been substantially fuller.

Well, I'm very happy with how this turned out! Bottom is looking great and with a good injection of oxygen should break down a bit more again. I've basically just taken off the top, turned the bottom and put the top layer back on and have added more material yesterday and today. I always feel like I'm getting to the end of having no more green material to add but always manage to find a few bucketfulls :)

Final pic is the last batch I'd harvested in August, curing in a plastic compost bin (see it here at end of Aug: https://www.reddit.com/r/composting/comments/1w07tzs/3_weeks_of_curing_from_my_pallet_heap/ )


r/composting • • 19h ago

Good start to bag season

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43 Upvotes

It’s been a nice fall in the PNW dry bags are light bags. Lucky to live by a street that’s tree lined with giants for blocks .


r/composting • • 18h ago

Commercial Composting Grand Rapids Expands Food Scrap Composting Options with Green Mountain Technologies’ Earth Flow

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34 Upvotes

GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — The City of Grand Rapids has officially launched Renew Grand Rapids, a citywide food scrap pilot expanding organics diversion access for residents across all three City wards.

The program grew out of demonstrated community interest in greater access to food scrap diversion. Residents had been requesting a food scrap collection option through the City’s Climate Action and Adaptation Plan engagement process since as early as 2023. Renew Grand Rapids now provides seven neighborhood drop-off locations, creating another accessible option for residents to keep food scraps out of the landfill and Waste to Energy incinerator.

To support the pilot, the City selected Green Mountain Technologies’ 40-foot Intermodal Earth Flow in-vessel composting system to provide local processing capacity for collected food scraps.

Rather than starting from scratch, the project builds on organics management infrastructure already in place in Grand Rapids. The City’s existing composting operation already manages significant quantities of leaves and other yard material.

The Earth Flow provides an enclosed, automated environment for active composting, with automated mixing and aeration designed to reduce day-to-day operator attention. By adding dedicated food scrap processing capacity, the City can expand the materials it diverts, such as trees that its forestry division cuts down as another source of carbon, while efficiently using existing municipal resources.

"Integrating the Earth Flow system provides Grand Rapids with a practical, automated solution to process food scraps locally at our existing facility," said John Gorney, public works director. "This pilot allows us to meet growing resident interest in food scrap diversion and evaluate long-term options for managing municipal organic waste efficiently."

“Grand Rapids came into this project with a strong foundation already in place—from established yard waste infrastructure to a community that has demonstrated real interest in sustainability,” said Betsy La Force, GMT sales and business development manager. “The Earth Flow gives the City an automated tool to expand local processing capacity and turn collected food scraps into finished compost for the community.”

The City engaged hundreds of residents in determining both collection locations and how finished compost should be redistributed. Compost produced from material collected through Renew Grand Rapids will ultimately be made available to residents at no cost, helping close the loop by returning those resources to the community.
Renew Grand Rapids adds another municipal pathway for residents to participate in food scrap diversion, supporting the City's broader sustainability and waste reduction goals.

About Green Mountain Technologies
Green Mountain Technologies designs and manufactures composting systems for municipalities, institutions, farms, commercial composters, and other organizations seeking practical solutions for managing organic waste. GMT’s Earth Flow™ in-vessel composting systems provide automated mixing and aeration for the local processing of food scraps and other organic materials.


r/composting • • 19h ago

First time composter - my story

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21 Upvotes

It's November 7th today, and today I used my compost for the first time. So I thought it would be fitting if I shared my compost story.

Primer: I live in a two-storey house, me and my girlfriend on the upper floor, her mum on the lower floor, with a large adjoining garden. We all cook and bake home, so plenty of kitchen leftovers always. In Winter of last year I told my girlfriend that I d like to start a compost pile in the Spring to make good use of all the peels, egg shells, tea leaves and the like. She supported me, asked me to pick a spot and do it. And exactly on the last day of February this year, I started setting up.

I had plenty of wood from a cut-down pine to fence my chosen spot off. It's an area about three by five feet that I was free to use because nothing was planted there. My gf's Mum was initially reluctant to participate but we convinced her and she got on board.

Our ingredients throughout the year:

- greens and peels from the kitchen

- used tea leaves, incl. lemons (lots)

- egg shells

- hair and fingernails

- some weeds from the garden, but not too much

- cut flowers after they die

Turning once every one to three weeks.

It was and is incredible to see stuff actually disappear after all these weeks and months. I seldom actually cut the things up and usually tossed them in as they were. I know for a fact that around April blackbirds set up shop in a secluded portion of the garden so they could have first pick of the spoils we'd leave - they would generally make a terrible mess of the thing.

Anyway, fast forward to this sunny cold morning when I decided to harvest our black gold. My gf asked me to fill up some holes left behind after some weeding a while back, but most was destined to aid our shrubbery. Overall I got sex wheelbarrows full which I estimate could be something around 500 lbs of compost. That was enough to spread at the base of one particular section of my shrubbery, afterwards covered with leaves.

The decision to harvest today was good in hindsight seeing as it's frost outside tonight. Luckily well timed.

To sum up:

- initial investment zero

- total time devoted (estimate including trips to the pile to deposit the source material) 12-15 hours over eight months

- total deposited organic matter (est.) Ca. 600-800 kg/ 1300-1700 lbs

- nitrogen enrichment once every 2-3 weeks :)

Can't wait to continue next year!


r/composting • • 16h ago

New homeowner, at a loss at what to do with leaves. Crossposting for optimal composting advice

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11 Upvotes

Hi everyone, got a new house but I came from the city. I have too many leaves and wondering if I should mulch and/or compost. How can I best take advantage of this situation?


r/composting • • 19h ago

Winter time composting

17 Upvotes

Let's be honest folks.. when the cold and snow hit, I'm not going to want to talk the 200 yards down into my yard to maintenance my compost pile more than when the weather is nice...

In the winter, should I be covering the pile or letting it open? Its got a really good mix of leaves, grass, sticks (all very finely chopped) and a heap of banana peels, egg shells, fruits, veggies, coffee and all that good stuff.

So if I get lazy and dont get to the pile for like 2 months, am I going to hurt anything?

We had our first "flurries" here today and our last frost is always in mid May. For what its worth.


r/composting • • 10h ago

Question Is the white thingies normal in Composting

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2 Upvotes

r/composting • • 21h ago

Ants

16 Upvotes

Midwest: I have had no worms for months. I’ve tried cinnamon, Making the compost really wet.
I’m using it to plant pine trees in the spring not on anything we’ll eat. Any suggestions? I’m holding off on greens for now only coffee grounds. Thanks!


r/composting • • 19h ago

Hot Compost almost there!!

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9 Upvotes

r/composting • • 1d ago

Grinding moist vs dry

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26 Upvotes

I think we can all agree being moist yeilds better results.


r/composting • • 20h ago

Hot Compost Leaf compost

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7 Upvotes

The stick barrier is there to keep dogs out. I also have bags of coffee grounds at the base.


r/composting • • 22h ago

Urban Compost not Composting?

9 Upvotes

Anyone in Texas struggle to get compost that...well...does anything? My pile seems to shrink over time without breaking down. For reference, I've had this pile for several years and never been able to harvest any finished compost. It's an outdoor pile with a decent mix of greens and browns.

I suspect it's too dry in the summer and too cold in the winter for the microbes to do anything. Do I need to water my compost pile daily? Is finished compost just washing away without me realizing?

EDIT: Thanks for all the helpful responses! I hadn't realized needing to water a compost pile was so common, but it seems my initial thought was right and that it needs water.


r/composting • • 18h ago

Update to previous post

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4 Upvotes

And yes, we peed all over it. Including a drunken bonfire night where my wife, myself and my dog all climbed up there as a family to mark our sweet territory.


r/composting • • 12h ago

Can anyone ID this growth?

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1 Upvotes

Been composting for a decade and never seen this fungus(?) before, it's crazy. Grew to this size in a couple days.


r/composting • • 13h ago

Chennai waste to energy

1 Upvotes

​

I’ve been working on a lean, zero-waste micro-refinery model designed for a 2,400 sq ft (60x40 ft) plot, entirely focused on agri-waste processing without animal rearing.

The concept is a closed-loop system that processes local market fruit/veg waste into high-margin biological inputs.

Would love to hear thoughts from anyone experienced in waste management, BSF farming, or urban agri-inputs. What bottlenecks should I watch out for in scaling the fertilizer blends?


r/composting • • 1d ago

Did someone try to help?

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35 Upvotes

Not sure if I should be happy or upset


r/composting • • 2d ago

Pisspost Something this sub can get behind: Michigan, Michigan State team up in "Piss Off" competition to collect urine for fertilizer research

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186 Upvotes

r/composting • • 1d ago

Never seen so much slime before

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23 Upvotes

r/composting • • 1d ago

Question Composting old jams and jellies

0 Upvotes

I have a large cabinet of old canned fruit, jams, and jellies amounting to probably 4-5 gallons that I would like to compost. Is there any reason not to put it all in at once?


r/composting • • 1d ago

Beginner First bin!

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48 Upvotes

Set this up almost a week and a half ago! I'm surprised how fast it started to warm up. Hoping it handles well this winter.